Determination of the quaternary ammonium ion components of Aliquat 336 by electrospray mass spectrometry

Argiropoulos, George; Cattrall, Robert W.; Hamilton, I.C.; Paimin, Rohani

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00674-0

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The obtained LOD and LOQ expressed in terms of the conversion and ppm Cl are given in Table for all shown calibration lines. The chloride concentrations are calculated based on the assumption that Aliquat 336 contains 1.8 mol L –1 quaternary compounds. − Comparing the obtained values, the best results are obtained for the least heavy matrices, which is to be expected based on the higher signal intensities. Less deviation from linearity, e.g., [A336][SCN], also results in lower values for LOD and LOQ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The reason for this is that the quaternary compound concentration is prone to change throughout a metathesis process due to a change in the water content of the IL. Moreover, the exact composition and concentration of the quaternary compound in Aliquat 336 are not entirely known (the literature reports values around 1.8 mol L –1 ). − The ionic liquid conversion was defined as with V ([A336][Cl]) and V ([A336][X]) as the volumes of water-saturated pure [A336][Cl] and [A336][X] that can be mixed to obtain an IL of a certain chloride content. A conversion of 0 corresponds to pure [A336][Cl], and a conversion of 1 corresponds to pure [A336][X] (a residual chloride content of a maximum of 20 ppm, vide supra ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination of Chlorides in Ionic Liquids by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) usually involves two steps: (i) quaternization of a precursor followed by (ii) a salt metathesis reaction to introduce the desired anion. A consequence of the second step is that most ILs still contain some amount of the initial anion, often chloride. In this work, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry is presented for the direct measurement of chlorides in ILs. The WDXRF settings were optimized, and the system was calibrated for the detection of chloride in several analogues of the commercially available IL Aliquat 336, [A336][X] (with X = I–, Br–, NO3 –, or SCN–). The Cl Kα intensity showed excellent linearity for samples with a conversion >0.80 (approximately Cl < 8000 ppm). Synthetic quality control samples showed that the instrumental error and deviations induced by the calibration procedure were small with maximum values of 1 and 5%, respectively. Detection and quantification limits depended strongly on the matrix (i.e., anion system and dilution) but were relatively low: 42–191 and 127–578 ppm Cl, respectively. Compared with other analytical techniques used for this purpose, the strengths of WDXRF include its ease of use, rapid measurements, the near absence of sample preparation steps, and versatility in terms of anion systems and chloride concentration range.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Chlorides in Ionic Liquids by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The A336 and TD concentrations in the μPIBs were determined by dissolving 10 mg of dry μPIBs in 2 mL of THF under sonication for 10 min and subsequently analyzing the solution, appropriately diluted with acetonitrile, by LC–MS (6520 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LC–MS, Agilent Technologies, Australia) without a separation column and acetonitrile as the carrier phase propelled at 0.3 mL min –1 . A336 solutions in acetonitrile were used as calibration standards, and the peak height intensity at m / z 396.46, corresponding to methyl di( n -octyl) ( n -decyl)ammonium (a key cationic component of A336), was used for the quantification . TD standards in acetonitrile were used for the quantitative determination of this reagent in the μPIBs using the peak height at m / z 215.13.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Fabrication of Micropolymer Inclusion Beads for the Recovery of Gold from Electronic Scrap

Zhang

Croft

Cattrall

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A composite material, referred to as micropolymer inclusion beads (μPIBs), was fabricated for the first time using a microfluidic technique and applied successfully for the recovery of Au(III) from simulated digests of electronic scrap. Best results for the extraction of Au(III) were achieved with μPIBs consisting of 55% (m/m) poly(vinyl chloride) as the base polymer, 35% (m/m) Aliquat 336 as the extractant, and 10% (m/m) 1-tetradecanol as a modifier. The size and surface morphology of the μPIBs were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. A batch of 200 mg μPIBs allowed the complete and selective extraction of Au(III) (2.85 mg) from 50 mL of a simulated digest of electronic scrap containing other metal ions, including 1365 mg Cu(II). The extracted Au(III) was quantitatively stripped from the μPIBs into 50 mL of 0.1 mol L −1 solution of thiourea. No Cu(II) and only sub-microgram levels of Cd(II) and Zn(II) were detected in this solution, thus confirming the suitability of the μPIBs for the efficient recovery of Au(III) from digests of electronic scrap. The microfluidic method used in this study is expected to be applicable for the fabrication of μPIBs for the selective separation of other chemical species by varying the composition of the beads.

show abstract

“…Lee et al (1981) identified Aliquat ® 336 as a mixture of quaternary ammonium cations with C 6 , C 8 and C 10 alkyl chain lengths applying gas chromatography. The distinct composition of the Aliquat ® 336 mix was confirmed and quantitatively determined via Electro Spray Mass Spectrometry (ESMS), and revealed following mass percentages of different chloride components in Aliquat ® 336: 3.7 ± 0.7 % of methyl(n-hexyl)di(n-octyl)ammonium (A336 + C23 ), 21.7 ± 1.5 % of methyltri(n-octyl)ammonium (A336 + C25 ), 32.8 ± 2.3 % of methyldi(n-octyl)(n-decyl)ammonium (A336 + C27 ), 18.4 ± 1.3 % of methyl(n-octyl)di(n-decyl)ammonium (A336 + C29 ), and 3.5 ± 0.2 % of methyltri(n-decyl)ammonium (A336 + C31 ) (Argiropoulos et al, 1998b). Recently, we developed an adequate, cost-saving and fast method for the purity determination of ammonium-and phosphonium-based ILs , applying Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a serially coupled UV detector and a mass sensitive charged aerosol detector (CAD).…”

Section: Features Of Ammonium-and Phosphonium-based Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Stojanovic¹,

Morgenbesser²,

Kogelnig³

et al. 2011

Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Determination of the quaternary ammonium ion components of Aliquat 336 by electrospray mass spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Determination of Chlorides in Ionic Liquids by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Determination of Chlorides in Ionic Liquids by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Microfluidic Fabrication of Micropolymer Inclusion Beads for the Recovery of Gold from Electronic Scrap

Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About