Determination of the Relationship between Renal Volume Model and Related Body Indices for Clinical Application in Ghana

Abstract

The study was done to establish the relationship between measured renal volume and body parameters to estimate standard reference value of renal volume related body parameters (RV-BMI, RV-BSI and RV-BSA) in Ghana for clinical application. The estimates were done based on age and gender variation and compare the established standard reference renal volume with its related body parameters. The weight and BMI measuring machine together with tape measure and glass beaker were the measuring tools used. The procedure involve measurement of body height and weight and using the estimated values to calculate BMI with the BMI calculator. It also involve using DuBois formula to estimate local standard reference values of BSI and BSA in Ghana. The reference standard renal volume was determined using water displacement with the Archimedes' principle to confirm the established values in Ghana. These value were compare with established standard reference renal volume model in Ghana which were estimated using abdominal images on MeVisLab application software platform and determined the relationship between these parameters. The determined Ghanaian standard reference renal volume were: 146.74cm3, 151.76cm3, 142.04cm3 and 148.29cm3 for male and female, with its corresponding right and left kidneys respectively. The estimated mean BMI, BSI and BSA were; 25.19kg/m2 39.81 kg/m2 and 2.02m2 for male and 21.91kg/m2 36.58kg/m2 and 1.69m2 for female respectively. Hence from these set of values, the relationship between renal volume and its related BMI was determined to be 6.04cm3-kg/m2 for male and 6.47cm3-kg/m2 for female. While the male RV related-BSA was also determine to be 74.05cm3-m2 and 84.09cm3-m2 for female. Finally, the renal volume related-BSI was also estimated to be 3.81cm3-kg/m2 for male and 3.88cm3-kg/m2 for female. The standard reference renal volume related BMI, BSI and BSA are recommended to be used for renal assessment for clinical application in Ghana.

Optimization of Standard Reference Cerebral Ventricular Volumes Measuring Protocol using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Clinical Applications

“…There is also a strong statistical variation (p = 0.0073) the means of the 4 TH VV for males and females Hence this study therefore concludes that ventricular volume varies with gender and for the same age, males have larger ventricular volumes than females. This therefore agreed with Lamers et al [13], Hamidu et al [2]., and Shirazu et al, [11] whose ndings point to the fact that ventricular volume varies with gender and for the same age males have larger ventricular sizes than female.…”

“…The voxel count method has been found to be one of the best methods of estimating the volume of an irregular objects including delineation of anatomical structures since it is independent of the shape and form (11). Even though Shirazu et al study also mentions the possibility and tendency of partial volume effect during the delineation process.…”

“…𝑉𝑉 = 0.8124 + 0.7656 𝐿 * 𝑊 * 𝑇…………………………………………..(3) Modeled Equation for the fourth ventricle volume (4THVV) 4 𝑇𝐻 𝑉𝑉 = 0.8757 + 0.9534 𝐿 * 𝑊 * 𝑇………………………………………….. (9) Modeled Equation For The Left Lateral Ventricle Volume (LLVV) 𝐿𝐿𝑉𝑉 = 0.9445 + 1.8848 𝐿 * 𝑊 * 𝑇……………………………………………(10)Modeled Equation For The Right Ventricle Volume (RLVV) 𝑅𝐿𝑉𝑉 = 2.4063 + 1.5088𝐿 * 𝑊 * 𝑇……………………………………………(11) …”

Concentration of heavy metals in two fish species (Cynoscion regalis and Pomatomus saltatrix) from an oil drilling area in Western Coast of Ghana and public health risk assessment

“…3 Where: EF = the exposure frequency (365 days/year) ED = the exposure duration (64 years (WHO, 2020)) equivalent to the average lifetime in Ghana; FIR = the food ingestion rate (in grams per person per day); Ghana's average annual per capita consumption of fish is at 26 kg (and the daily ingestion works out to 71 g/day) (USDA, 2019). C = the metal concentration in food (mg/g); RfD = the oral reference dose (in milligram per kilogram per day); W = the average body weight (71 kg for adults (Shirazu et al, 2017), and ATn = the average exposure time for non-carcinogens (365 days/year i.e., number of exposure years, assuming 64 years in this study). It was assumed that cooking does not affect the toxicity of heavy metals in seafood.…”

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

“…Measured values of body parameters.Modelled Body ParametersThe results of the models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application shirazu et al[9]. BSA and BSI, which is significantly used to perform the following clinical services; for instance BSA and BSI is used to estimate the renal clearance (RC), as RC usually divided by either BSA or BSI to gain an appreciation of the true glomerular filtration rate (GFR).…”