Determination of the Requirement of Larval Striped Jack for Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Using Enriched <i>Artemia</i> Nauplii

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to decide the requirement of larval striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by feeding Artemia nauplii containing different levels of EPA and/or DHA for 11 or 12 days. Fish fed oleic acid (OA) enriched Ar temia containing a low amount of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA, mainly EPA and DHA) showed low growth and survival rate, and poor vitality (survival rate at activity test). Elevation of DHA levels in the nauplii improved survival, growth, and vitality. However poor vitality was ob served even though fish fed EPA enriched Artemia. Fatty acid compositions of polar lipid in fish body clearly reflected the composition of nauplii. In healthy fish with strong vitality, the ratio of 18:1/22:6n -3 in body polar lipids remained below 1. This ratio could be an appropriate index for EFA status of lar val striped jack.The requirement of larval striped jack for DHA during the Artemia feeding period is estimated to be 1.6-2.2% in Artemia (dry basis) based on larval vitality. On the other hand, fish fed EPA enriched Artemia containing more than 3.1% EPA does not improve neither vitality nor survival.

Influence of diet on fatty acids of three subtropical fish, subfamily caesioninae (Caesio diagramma and C. tile) and family siganidae (Siganus canaliculatus)

“…It is generally known that n-3 PUFA are required by all marine fishes including subtropical fish species (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). In particular, DHA is an essential fatty acid and is important for growth and survival-for example, for the development of juvenile striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) and red sea bream (Pagrus major) (13,33).…”

“…In the marine food chain, tuna species are at the highest trophic level, and their high DHA levels may be a result of their trophic position in the food chain and accumulation of planktonic DHA through feeding on small fishes. Marine fishes, with the exception of turbot, are generally unable to synthesize DHA (2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Behavioral Ontogeny of Marine Pelagic Fishes with the Implications for the Sustainable Management of Fisheries Resources

“…DHA requirements were quantitatively studied in larvae of many species of fish and crustaceans, with the typical amount shown to be 1% DHA dry weight or more in the diet (Takeuchi et al 1996;Sargent et al 1999). Although rotifers and Artemia nauplii are commonly used diet species for larval fish culture, efforts to search for alternative diets have been made.…”

“…This experiment was originally planned with the striped jack, but they were too vulnerable to DHA deficiency and their survival and activity were too low to compare the behavior between DHA provided and deficient fish (Takeuchi et al 1996). Brain morphology of striped jack fed with or without DHA was morphologically compared (Masuda 1995).…”

Incorporation of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid into the Central Nervous System of the Yellowtail <i>Seriola quinqueradiata</i>

“…The fish were reared according to routine procedures [Sakakura and Tsukamoto, 1996;Takeuchi et al, 1996]. Rotifers enriched with Nannochloropsis sp.…”