Determination of the Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in the Pathogenesis in and Out the Mouth

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction</jats:bold>: One of the most important types of microorganisms in the oral cavity in both healthy and non-healthy individuals is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although present as a normal resident in the oral cavity, this Gram-negative pathogen is dominant in periodontal disease and it is involved in many invasive infections in the population, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as many adverse events with a fatal outcome.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim</jats:bold>: To determine the role of F. nucleatum in the development of polymicrobial biofilms thus pathogenic changes in and out of the oral media.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Material and method</jats:bold>: A systematic review of the literature concerning the determination and role of F. nucleatum through available clinical trials, literature reviews, original research and articles published electronically at Pub Med and Google Scholar.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion</jats:bold>: The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum is commonly associated with the health status of individuals. These anaerobic bacteria plays a key role in oral pathological conditions and has been detected in many systemic disorders causing complex pathogenethic changes probably due to binding ability to various cells thus several virulence mechanisms.</jats:p><jats:p>Most common diseases and conditions in the oral cavity associated with F.nucleatum are gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CH), aggressive periodontitis (AgP), endo-periodental infections (E-P), chronic apical periodontitis (PCHA). The bacterium has been identified and detected in many systemic disorders such as coronary heart disease (CVD) pathological pregnancy (P); polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), high-risk pregnancy (HRP), colorectal cancer (CRC); pre-eclampsia (PE); rheumatoid arthritis (RA); osteoarthritis (OA).</jats:p>

Regulation of gingival keratinocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1‐induced protein (MCPIP)‐1 and mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (MALT)‐1 expressions by periodontal bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin‐1β

“…An interesting finding of the present study was that the incubation of HMK monolayers with F. nucleatum suppressed MCPIP‐1 protein expression, while at the same time MCPIP‐1 mRNA levels elevated at all tested time points. An explanation of this phenomenon can be the degradation of MCPIP‐1 by F. nucleatum , as described previously 29–31 . Inverse correlations between mRNA and protein expressions due to post‐ or transcriptional modifications involved in turning mRNA into protein or proteolytic degradation of the proteins had been described previously 32 .…”

“…An explanation of this phenomenon can be the degradation of MCPIP-1 by F. nucleatum, as described previously. [29][30][31] Inverse correlations between mRNA and protein expressions due to post-or transcriptional modifications involved in turning mRNA into protein or proteolytic degradation of the proteins had been described previously. 32 Yet, in the limits of this study, the reason behind this inverse relationship is left unexplained.…”

Helicobacter pylori in the Oral Cavity: Current Evidence and Potential Survival Strategies

“…In addition, the role of F. nucleatum in the survival of H. pylori is worthy of further investigation, as H. pylori -negative chronic gastritis patients were reported to have lower levels of F. nucleatum in saliva than healthy subjects [ 124 ]. Generally, F. nucleatum plays a critical role in the formation and maturation of dental plaque biofilms, owing to its long and narrow rod-like structure and the expression of a variety of adhesins [ 125 , 126 ]. H. pylori adheres to F. nucleatum and thus colonizes dental plaque through coaggregation [ 14 , 115 ].…”

Pangenomic Study of Fusobacterium nucleatum Reveals the Distribution of Pathogenic Genes and Functional Clusters at the Subspecies and Strain Levels

“…As a prevalent oral pathogenic bacterium, F. nucleatum can promote the occurrence and development of periodontitis ( 2 , 3 ). Recent studies have shown that F. nucleatum can translocate to and colonize multiple human tissues and organs through a variety of strategies ( 4 , 5 ) and contribute to the development of many systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy complications, premature delivery, respiratory infectious diseases, and Alzheimer's disease ( 6 – 10 ). Moreover, F. nucleatum plays an important role in the development and metastasis of many cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( 11 , 12 ), colorectal cancer ( 13 , 14 ), breast cancer, and esophageal cancer ( 15 ), etc.…”