Determination of the site of metabolism of total, free, and complexed prostate-specific antigen

Do Renal Failure and Hemodialysis Have Any Effect on the Elimination of Free and Total Prostate–Specific Antigen?

“…However, these observations have been made regardless of renal function. This issue is important because recently Kılıç et al [5]reported that the kidney may play a role in the elimination of f–PSA. Therefore, renal failure might cause an artificial increase in serum levels of f–PSA and lead to a high incidence of free–to–toal PSA ratio results in patients with renal diseases.…”

“…Recent publications have reported on the use of molecular forms of PSA (namely free and complexed PSA) to distinguish between patients with prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia [3, 4]. To investigate the site of metabolism of PSA, Kılıç et al [5]have examined selective blood samples obtained during clinically indicated cardiac catheterization. Based upon changes in PSA concentration before and after renal and hepatic circulation, they concluded that the kidney and liver may play a role in the elimination of free PSA (f–PSA) from blood stream.…”

The likelihood of having a serum PSA level of ≥2.5 ng/mL according to the degree of fatty liver disease in a screened population

“…8 Underlying liver disease may be a possible cause for alteration of serum PSA levels, 10 because the liver has a significant role in the elimination of serum PSA. 11 Free PSA is eliminated by the kidneys, but because of their size, PSA bound to alpha1-antichymotrypsin is cleared through the liver. 11 One might anticipate that chronic liver disease would prolong the half-life of serum PSA because of decreased clearance and would result in an increase in its serum concentration.…”

“…11 Free PSA is eliminated by the kidneys, but because of their size, PSA bound to alpha1-antichymotrypsin is cleared through the liver. 11 One might anticipate that chronic liver disease would prolong the half-life of serum PSA because of decreased clearance and would result in an increase in its serum concentration. 12 However, no consensus has been reached regarding the influence of liver disease on serum PSA levels.…”

Targeting Free Prostate-Specific Antigen forIn VivoImaging of Prostate Cancer Using a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Unique Epitopes Accessible on Free Prostate-Specific Antigen Alone

“…17,19 While fPSA (28.4 kDa) is eliminated by a half-life of 12-18 hours via glomerular filtration by the kidneys, by contrast, the & 90 kDa PSA-ACT complex (cPSA) is too large to allow for renal clearance and is eliminated very slowly, possibly via uptake by hepatocytes. [20][21][22][23][24] Prior attempts to target PSA for in vivo imaging of PCa metastases investigated human subjects with advanced disseminated stages of the disease 25 ; only one study was based on mice xenografts. 26 Imaging of PSA was mostly successful in these studies; however, the image quality was poor due to high liver uptake and high nonspecific background activity.…”