Determination of the tensile strength of rock by a compression test of an irregular test piece

Hiramatsu, Yoshio; Oka, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(66)90002-7

Cited by 371 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…As a result, a (big) flaw outside of the contact area may also cause grain failure, though at (local) tensile stresses lower than those acting on the contact edge. Stress distribution analyses have already shown this to be a possibility [Hiramatsu and Oka, 1966;Shipway and Hutchings, 1993]. If this was the case in our experiments then the stresses calculated from the failure criterion overestimate the strength of the material, leading to estimated critical flaw sizes that are too small.…”

Section: Critical Flaw Dimension At Failurementioning

confidence: 78%

“…However, as shown by Hiramatsu and Oka [1966], a sphere under a uniformly distributed, diametric load attains a maximum tensile stress at the edge of the contact area, which then trails off toward a lower tensile stress, and eventually a compressive stress, away from the contact area. This means that (smaller) tensile stresses also exist just outside of the contact area.…”

Section: Critical Flaw Dimension At Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the high nominal stress at failure values that were obtained in our tests (i.e., several GPa), it is not unlikely that failure occurred along flaws existing outside the contact area. Now, taking the equations proposed by Hiramatsu and Oka [1966] and assuming that n = 0.25, it can be seen that for an angular cap of 5.7°, i.e., a/R = 0.1 [see also Brzesowsky, 1995, chap. 2], the tensile stresses outside the contact area s f,nom roughly show a linear relation with angular distance from the center of the contact.…”

Section: Critical Flaw Dimension At Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure behavior of single sand grains: Theory versus experiment

et al. 2011

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[1] Grain-scale brittle fracture and grain rearrangement play an important role in controlling the compaction behavior of reservoir rocks during the early stages of burial. Therefore, the understanding of single-grain failure is important. We performed constant displacement rate crushing tests carried out on selected, well-rounded, single sand grains and on randomly sampled grains from different grain size (d) batches of pure quartz sand. Applying a Hertzian fracture mechanics model for grain crushing, the critical load at failure (F c ) data obtained for the selected grains were converted into an accurate estimate of the size of flaws associated with failure (c f ). Similarly, the distributed F c data obtained from the different batch samples were converted into distributions of grain failure stress. Weibull weakest link theory could not explain the observed grain failure behavior. On the contrary, the Hertzian grain failure criterion enabled the conversion of the distributed F c data, for the batch samples, into distributions of c f , assuming spherical grains, or of "effective" radius of curvature (r g ), characterizing contact surface asperities in the case of nonspherical grains. In contrast to the model of Zhang et al. (1990), our work shows that there is no clear physical basis for a grain size dependence of c f . However, since roundness data for dune sands exhibit a similar relation between r g and d, as seen in our grain size batches, it is inferred that the Hertzian fracture mechanics model assuming nonspherical grains with a distributed r g is the most physically reasonable model for grain failure.

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Section: Critical Flaw Dimension At Failurementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Critical Flaw Dimension At Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Flaw Dimension At Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure behavior of single sand grains: Theory versus experiment

et al. 2011

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“…Failure of grains can frequently be explained in terms of a buildup of elastic tensile stresses in the interior of a grain loaded on its boundaries (Hiramatsu and Oka 1966). For a grain in a perfectly plastic matrix, the maximum force that can be applied to any point on the grain surface is equal to the force that will result in plastic yielding around the hemisphere of the grain that lies opposite the point of loading (Fig.…”

Section: Appendix A-grain Crushingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary processes at the base of a West Antarctic ice stream; constraints from textural and compositional properties of subglacial debris

Tulaczyk

Kamb

Scherer

et al. 1998

Journal of Sedimentary Research

238

167

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Samples of sediments from beneath Ice Stream B (at camp UpB), West Antarctica, provide the first opportunity to study the relationship between sediment properties and physical conditions in a sub-ice-stream environment. Piston coring in holes bored by hot-water drilling yielded five 1-3 m long, undisturbed subglacial sediment cores. We analyzed granulometry, composition, and particle morphology in these cores. The UpB cores are composed of a clay-rich, unsorted diamicton containing rare marine diatoms. Sedimentary particles in these cores bear no evidence of the recent crushing or abrasion that is common in other subglacial sedimentary environments. The presence of reworked diatoms and their state of preservation, as well as the relative spatial homogeneity of this diamicton, suggest that the UpB cores sampled a several-meter-thick till layer and not in situ glacimarine sediments. The till does incorporate material recycled from the subjacent poorly indurated Tertiary glacimarine sediments of the Ross Sea sedimentary basin, which extends beneath this part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. We propose that the lack of significant comminution in the UpB till is ultimately due to its setting over these easily erodible, clayrich source sediments. The resulting fine-grained till matrix inhibits glacial comminution, because it facilitates buildup of high pore-water pressures and hinders interparticle stress concentrations. Our observations are consistent with the conjecture that subglacial deformation of weak, fine-grained tills does not produce significant comminution of till debris (Elson 1988). Based on our findings, we hypothesize that extensive layers of weak till may develop preferentially where ice overrides preexisting, poorly indurated, fine-grained sediments. Since such weak till layers create a permissive condition for ice streaming, subglacial geology may have an indirect but strong control over the location, extent, and basal mechanics of ice streams.

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“…Under compression, normal splitting is the primary mode of failure, as observed in the crushing of granular materials (Lee and Farhoomand, 1997;Mesri and Vardhanabhutib, 2009), the fragmentation of falling rocks (Marsal, 1967), the compression of drained sand (Nakata et al, 2001;, the compression of elastic spheres (Sternberg and Rosenthal, 1952) and the compression of irregularly-shaped rocks (Hiramatsu and Oka, 1966). The size and shape of the larger fragments is strongly related to primary cracks (see Section 2.3), which propagate along the loading axis, and the primary direction of fragmentation.…”

Section: Local Coordinate Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct fragmentation method with Weibull function distribution of sizes based on finite- and discrete element simulations

Paluszny

Tang

Nejati

et al. 2016

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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A direct method is proposed to rapidly fragment bodies during impulse-based discrete element method simulations of multiple body interactions. The approach makes use of patterns and size distributions obtained both from experiments, and from numerical models that rigorously compute fragmentation by growing fractures explicitly. Weibull parameters approximate the fragment size distributions as a function of body size and relative contact velocity. Structured domain decomposition is applied on the colliding bodies directly, resulting in a low-cost fragmentation calculation that depends on relative velocity, but which does not require the computation of fracture growth nor explicit element de-bonding, but instead classifies pre-existing mesh elements into the newly fragmented sub-domains. The method is applied to the fragmentation of a single spherical rock fragment, to an irregularly shaped rock fragment, and to the crushing of an array of spherical rock fragments.

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Determination of the tensile strength of rock by a compression test of an irregular test piece

Cited by 371 publications

References 1 publication

Failure behavior of single sand grains: Theory versus experiment

Failure behavior of single sand grains: Theory versus experiment

Sedimentary processes at the base of a West Antarctic ice stream; constraints from textural and compositional properties of subglacial debris

A direct fragmentation method with Weibull function distribution of sizes based on finite- and discrete element simulations

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