Determination of thermodynamic, kinetic and interfacial properties for the Li//LixMn2O4 system by electrochemical techniques

A study of the lithium intercalation into nanoparticles of LiCoO2 from an aqueous solution

“…Interestingly, this minimum value, which obtained from the Nyquist diagram recorded at dc-offset potential equal to the cathodic peak of cyclic voltammogram, is almost equal to that obtained from CV. Similar behavior for the dependency of solid state diffusion coefficient of lithium ion on the electrode potential has been reported elsewhere [21,42,43]. Appearance of a minimum in the dependency of D Li on dc-offset potential has Fig.…”

“…8 been discussed based on different explanations. Barker et al [42] related this minimum to the Li-Li ionic coulombic repulsions within each structural site in the host lattice. Prosini et al [43] related this minimum to the strong attractive interactions between the lithium ions and the host lattice.…”

Electrochemical kinetics study of Li-ion in Cu6Sn5 electrode of lithium batteries by PITT and EIS

“…Similar with the D Li (PITT), the diffusion coefficients obtained from PITT data, the D Li (EIS) values which obtained from EIS data, are also high in the voltage up to 0.5 V. The D Li (PITT) decreases along with discharge (intercalation) and reaches to a minimum value of 9.74 Â 10 À12 cm 2 /s at about 0.42 V. And then it begins to increase until reaches to the value of 7.09 Â 10 À11 cm 2 /s at 0.30 V. After that, D Li value drops again to a minimum of 1.7 Â 10 À12 cm 2 /s at about 0.08 V and shows a small rebounding near 0.00 V. The two minimum values of diffusion coefficient during the whole discharge process are accordant very well with that obtain from PITT. Similar minima in the diffusion coefficient vs. voltage plots, which coincides with the peaks of slow scan rate cycle voltammetry (SSCV) or plateaus in charge/discharge curve, have been commonly observed in cathode materials, Li 1Àx Mn 2 O 4 [18,22], Li 1Àx CoO 2 [18,19], Li x NiO 2 [18] and LiFePO 4 [23], indicating a phase transition or some order-disorder transitions during cycling.…”

“…Several relaxation techniques have been proposed for the evaluation of D Li , e.g., the potentiostatic and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT and GITT, respectively) [8,9], electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [10], and current pulse relaxation [11]. Using these techniques, the plots of the diffusion coefficients of lithium ions vs. their intercalation level (or charge/discharge voltage) have been obtained for graphite and other carbonaceous materials [12][13][14][15][16], transition metal oxides [17][18][19][20][21][22], LiFePO 4 [23,24], etc. However, few works in the study of lithium diffusion in alloys has been reported.…”

Li transport in fresh and aged LiMn2O4 cathodes via electrochemical strain microscopy

“…37 Transition from cubic to tetragonal phase below the tip can happen due to local overpotential, thus decreasing the diffusion coefficient. Nucleation of a new phase occurs predominantly inhomogeneously on defects, in which the nucleation barrier DG is smaller.…”