A new approach to α spectrometric determination of the
radioisotopes of uranium and thorium was developed for
environmental samples based on 238U and
232Th as
internal standards. 238U and 232Th
were accurately determined in the sample by simultaneous instrumental
neutron activation analysis. Other aliquots of the
sample
were totally dissolved, uranium and thorium separated
by anion exchange, and thin sources electroplated for α
spectrometry. From the known mass concentrations of
238U and 232Th, their activity
concentrations were obtained, and thus from the relative ratios of uranium
(234U,
235U, 238U) and thorium
(228Th, 230Th,
232Th) radioisotopes in the α spectra, the absolute isotopic activity
concentrations were derived. The advantages of the
procedure are that neither the chemical recovery of the
radiochemical separation nor the counting efficiency of
the α spectrometer is required; the use of internal
standards eliminates the need for addition of expensive,
calibrated, external radioisotopic tracers such as 232U
and
229Th. The new approach was tested on some
certified
environmental reference materials and compared with the
classical method using external radioisotopic tracers.
It
may advantageously be combined with the standard
approach to obtain an independent set of data for quality
control.