Determination of three-dimensional shape of failure in soil slopes

Abstract

13This paper applied Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in three-dimensional (3D) slope 14 stability analysis to determine the shape and direction of failure as the critical slip surface. A 15 detailed description of adopted PSO was presented and a rotating ellipsoid shape was 16 introduced as the possible failure surface in the analysis. Based on the Limit Equilibrium 17 Method an equation of Factor of Safety (FoS) was developed with the ability to calculate the 18 Direction of Sliding (DoS) in its internal process. A computer code was developed in Matlab 19 to determine the 3D shape of failure surface and calculate its FoS and DoS. Then, two 20 example problems were used to verify the applicability of the presented code, the first by 21 conducting a comparison between the results of the code and PLAXIS-3D finite element 22 software and the second by re-analyzing an example from the literature to find the 3D failure 23 surface. In addition, a hypothetical 3D asymmetric slope was introduced and analyzed to 24 demonstrate the ability of presented method in determining the shape and DOS of failure in 25 3D slope stability problems. Finally, a small-scale physical model of a 3D slope under 26 vertical load was constructed and tested in the lab and the results were re-analyzed and 27 Page 1 of 66 Can. Geotech. J. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY on 02/18/15 For personal use only. This Just-IN manuscript is the accepted manuscript prior to copy editing and page composition. It may differ from the final official version of record. 2 compared with the code results. All the results demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness 28 of the presented code in determining the 3D shape of failure surface in soil slopes. 29 30

Stability Analysis of Three-Dimensional Slopes Considering the Earthquake Force Direction

“…Example 2 is performed to validate the performance of the random research in determining the minimum factor of safety and its corresponding critical slip surface. This example was first analyzed by Alkasawneh et al [11] to study the effects of different search techniques on the minimum factor of safety and was reanalyzed by Kalatehjari et al [12] to verify the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Figure 5 illustrates the geometry, strength parameters, and unit weight of Example 2.…”

Stability estimation of slopes with determined slip surface by the MSTAB-3D method based on sliding body limit equilibrium analysis

“…The next proceeding involves indication of the resultant sliding force Hi o by aggregation of all the total forces operating in a parallel direction to the slide course (10). Then it is plotted on the slide course along the overall angle of inclination of the slide surface g in the formula (11). Consequently, the resultant sliding force Ti o is determined as a sum of all the integral forces operating along the direction of slide (12), and then it is plotted onto the sliding course along the overall angle of inclination of the slide surface g in the formula (13).…”

“…The sliding and restraining forces calculated on the basis of the (11) and (13) correlations for single slices of BFEi allow for generating the total sliding and restraining forces for entire flat cross-sections CSi. In order to…”

“…Among others, Hungr [1], Hutchinson and Sarma [2], Michalowski [3], J. L, Chen and Chemeau [4] and Zhang [5], to name only a few, have been dealing with this issue for over thirty years and have been trying to take the three dimensional character of the stability analysis of slopes into consideration. Cheng et al [6], Griffiths and Marquez [7], Huang and Tsai [8,9], Hungr [10], Kalatehjari et al [11] and Wei et al [12] belong to a more recent group of authors investigating that area of knowledge.…”

Stability estimation of slopes having their slip surface determined by means of the STAB-3D method based on sliding body equilibrium analysis

“…Re sults ob tained so far are lim ited to a great extent, be ing some times sub ject to many mod i fi ca tions; in some cases there are no sat is fy ing re sults. For over 30 years, many work ers have dealt with this sub ject mat ter, for ex am ple Chen and Chemeau (1983), Hutch in son and Sarma (1985), Hungr (1987), Zhang (1988), Michalowski (1989), Huang and Tsai (2000), Huang et al (2002), Cheng et al (2005), Griffiths and Marquez (2007), Wei et al (2009) and Kalatehjari et al (2015), who tried to con sider the 3D pro file of slope sta bil ity anal y sis.…”