Determination of three-dimensional solubility parameters of styrene butadiene rubber and the potential application in tire tread formula design

Liu, Su Su; Li, Xiao Peng; Qi, Peng Jia; Song, Ze Jun; Zhang, Zheng; Wang, Kun; Qiu, Gui Xue; Liu, Guangyong

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106170

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE were explored using the Hansen solubility parameter method (HSP) method. The polymer swelling behavior and polymer–solvent and polymer–polymer interactions can be predicted using the HSP method [ 39 , 40 ]. Herein, the energy difference ( Ra ), defined as the spatial distance between polymer and solvent and calculated by Equation (2), was introduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Investigation of the Degradation Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Polyamide Elastomer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites in Thermo-Oxidative and Hot Oil Environments

Liu,

Wang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The physical blending method was used in order to prepare nitrile-butadiene rubber/polyamide elastomer/single-walled carbon nanotube (NBR/PAE/SWCNT) composites with better thermal-oxidative aging resistance. The interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE were characterized using the Moving Die Rheometer 2000 (MDR 2000), rheological behavior tests, the equilibrium swelling method, and mechanical property tests. The 100% constant tensile stress and hardness of NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites increased from 2.59 MPa to 4.14 MPa and from 62 Shore A to 69 Shore A, respectively, and the elongation decreased from 421% to 355% with increasing SWCNT content. NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites had improved thermal-oxidative aging resistance due to better interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE. During the aging process, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase in aging time compared to the unaged samples, and the constant tensile stress gradually increased. There was a more significant difference in the degradation of mechanical properties when aged in a variety of oils. The 100% constant tensile stress of NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites aged in IRM 903 gradually increased with aging time while it gradually decreased in biodiesel. The swelling index gradually increased with increasing SWCNT content. Interestingly, the swelling index of the composites in cyclohexanone decreased with the increase in SWCNT content. The reasons leading to different swelling behaviors when immersed in different kinds of liquids were investigated using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) method, which provides an excellent guide for the application of some oil-resistant products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Investigation of the Degradation Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Polyamide Elastomer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites in Thermo-Oxidative and Hot Oil Environments

Liu,

Wang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…2.09–4.51 MPa 1/2 and 11.7%–44.1%, respectively (Table S5, Supporting Information). This indicates that the γ and δ values determined experimentally have large uncertainty. , Commonly, the δ t , δ d , δ p , and δ h data for a solid are separately determined using a “solvent spectrum” method. ,,,,, The consistency between the Hildebrand parameter (δ t ) values and the Hansen component (δ d , δ p , and δ h ) values was examined based on eq . Figure a shows the plot of δ t 2 versus ∑δ i 2 (where i = d, p, and h) for 23 solids with δ data available from the literature (Tables S1 and S3, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we know, unlike most (volatile) liquids, the γ and δ parameters of solids cannot be directly measured and many indirect methods were thus used to estimate their values. ,− The γ parameters of solids are commonly estimated using contact angle ,,,− and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) methods. − For the contact angle method, the contact angles of at least two probe liquids with known γ parameter values on a solid surface are first measured and the γ parameter values of the solid are then estimated based on theoretical models such as Young’s equation, Owens–Wendt equation, Neumann’s equation of state, and Wu’s equation. ,,,, The IGC method is essentially based on the measurement of adsorption–desorption behavior of probe liquids (commonly alkanes) on a solid to estimate the γ (commonly γ d ) value of the solid. − The δ parameters of solids are commonly estimated by determination of some quantities relating to the solid–liquid affinity, such as solubility, swelling, and dispersion of solids in various liquids with different δ (a “solvent spectrum”). ,,,,, The δ parameters of liquids that exhibit the maximum affinity with a solid are considered to be those of the solid. Overall, the determination of the characteristic (γ and δ) parameters of solids is difficult and/or time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27−30 The δ parameters of solids are commonly estimated by determination of some quantities relating to the solid−liquid affinity, such as solubility, swelling, and dispersion of solids in various liquids with different δ (a "solvent spectrum"). 1,5,18,25,33,34 The δ parameters of liquids that exhibit the maximum affinity with a solid are considered to be those of the solid. Overall, the determination of the characteristic (γ and δ) parameters of solids is difficult and/or time-consuming.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlations of Surface Free Energy and Solubility Parameter with Dielectric Constant and Density for Inorganic Solids

Wang,

Hou

2023

Langmuir

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There should be some intrinsic correlations between the surface free energy (γ) and solubility (δ) parameters, called characteristic parameters here, of substances with their basic physical properties such as the relative dielectric constant (ε r ) and density (ρ), because they are all related to intermolecular interactions. Several correlations have been proposed empirically (or semiempirically) for liquids, but not for solids. It is essential to establish such correlations for solids because the estimation of γ and δ for solids is difficult and/or time-consuming. In the current work, the γ, δ, ε r , and ρ data of 34 inorganic solids were chosen, and possible relationships between the characteristic parameters (γ and δ) and the physical quantities (ε r and ρ) were explored by a trial-and-error fitting method based on the data of the solids. Six equations relating γ and δ to ε r and δ were established. The γ parameters include total (γ t ), dispersive (γ d ), and polar (γ p ) ones, and the δ parameters include the Hildebrand parameter (δ t ) and the Hansen-dispersive (δ d ), polar (δ p ), and hydrogen-bonding (δ h ) ones. The empirical equations can be used to estimate the characteristic parameters of inorganic solids from their easily measurable physical quantities.

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“…The DATA FIT approaches 1 when all the good solvents are included within the solubility sphere and all the bad ones are outside. 19 Up to now, the HSP values of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), 21 nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), 22 fluorine rubber (FKM), fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ), 23 natural rubber (NR), 24 and acrylate rubber (ACM) 25 have been well determined, and the predictive power of the HSP values in swelling properties of rubber-solvent systems has been well proven. However, the determination of HSP values for rubber blends has not been involved, although sometimes the calculation of HSP values for the solvent mixtures has been carried out.…”

Section: Data Fitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of three‐dimensional solubility parameters of HNBR/EPDM blends and the transport behaviors in ester solvents

Jiang

Yuan

Guo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To enrich the research on the solubility parameter of rubber blends, equilibrium swelling tests combined with computer software, Hansen solubility parameter in practice (HSPiP), were employed to deeply investigate the three‐dimensional solubility parameters (HSP) of hydrogenated nitrile rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (HNBR/EPDM) blends. And the transport behaviors of four ester solvents have been studied through the calculation of sorption and permeation coefficients. It is found that the HSP values of HNBR/EPDM blends show linear relationships with the mass fraction of HNBR. And a linear equation has been obtained for the calculation of the solubility parameters of HNBR/EPDM blends. Sorption and permeation coefficients show two‐stage upward linear relationships with the HNBR concentration, which can be attributed to the sea phase in the blend playing a decisive role in the transport behaviors of solvents. Moreover, the trend of the selective adsorption of the solvent is more obvious in the permeating process than that at the final equilibrium swelling state. The achievements can provide important guidance for evaluating the liquid resistance of the HNBR/EPDM‐based rubber products in industrial and automotive applications.

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Determination of three-dimensional solubility parameters of styrene butadiene rubber and the potential application in tire tread formula design

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Systematic Investigation of the Degradation Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Polyamide Elastomer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites in Thermo-Oxidative and Hot Oil Environments

Systematic Investigation of the Degradation Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Polyamide Elastomer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites in Thermo-Oxidative and Hot Oil Environments

Correlations of Surface Free Energy and Solubility Parameter with Dielectric Constant and Density for Inorganic Solids

Determination of three‐dimensional solubility parameters of HNBR/EPDM blends and the transport behaviors in ester solvents

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