Determination of Total and Speciated Sulfur Content in Petrochemical Samples Using a Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector

Chambers, Laura; Duffy, Michael

doi:10.1093/chromsci/41.10.528

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An advantage of PFPD is its almost equimolar response to sulfur. − This enables an accurate determination of the total amount of sulfur compounds in a sample based on calibration using just one standard compound or based on the average value of the response factor. The average response factor, R f , was calculated from the response factors of individual sulfur compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Boczkaj

Kamiński

Przyjazny

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This article presents the results of investigations on the use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection (HSA-GC-PFPD) to evaluate the effectiveness of oxidation of postoxidative effluents from the production of bitumens. Samples of effluents from the bitumen oxidation unit were used in the experiments. In addition, the kinetics of effluent oxidation was also investigated. The content of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) was determined using HSA-GC-PFPD. The results were correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD). The changes in concentration of individual volatile sulfur compounds in the course of effluent oxidation were measured, which enabled the determination of the order of the oxidation reactions. The usefulness of the determination of VSCs in the headspace as a reliable technique for evaluating the reduction in emissions of volatile malodorous compounds was demonstrated. The developed method is also useful for process control of the oxidation of postoxidative effluents. The procedure ensures an objective evaluation of the effectiveness of the removal of volatile sulfur compounds from postoxidative effluents. The experimental results revealed that the effectiveness of the oxidation of organosulfur compounds was much higher than that of other classes of organic compounds. Furthermore, the order of oxidation reactions along with the rate constants of thiophenol, p-thiocresol, and hydrogen sulfide were determined. An advantage of the developed procedure is that it can be automated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Boczkaj

Kamiński

Przyjazny

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…BT (used as the internal standard for GC analysis), 2-MBT, DBT, and 4,6-DMDBT were identified by the model standard samples. The other sulfur compound groups in GC-PFPD were characterized by comparing the identified peaks in GC–MS based on the known sulfur compounds in diesel fuels which are usually the alkyl derivatives of BTs and DBTs . The color of diesel fuel was slightly changed from light brown to yellow after ODS.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Deep Desulfurization of Real Diesel over MoO₃/Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of Refractory Compounds

2019

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In this work, deep extractive catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of hydrotreated real diesel fuel was attained using a synthesized catalyst of supported molybdenum oxide on mesoporous silica gel (MoO3/SG) with a high surface area. The characterization of the catalyst was assessed by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda, N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The effect of molybdenum loading, M catalyst/V oil, H2O2/sulfur molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration on the ODS of diesel was examined, aiming to set at the optimum values. Different extraction solvents were evaluated, where acetonitrile was processed with the best performance among all. About 99.9% of sulfur in real diesel was selectively removed using the MoO3 (5 wt %)/SG catalyst under the optimal mild reaction conditions of 45 °C, an O/S molar ratio of 8, an M catalyst/V oil of 0.1 g/mL, and a reaction time of 90 min, employing only one step extraction of ODS products by acetonitrile. Compared to previous research studies on ODS of real diesel, an obviously superior performance was exhibited by the introduced catalyst in this study because of the sufficiently large pore diameter, considerably higher surface area (346.5 m2/g) of the catalyst, good distribution of the active phase on the SG surface, and ODS operating at the optimal conditions. Interestingly, no significant loss in catalyst activity was revealed after recycling seven times in ODS of the dibenzothiophene model; however, the catalyst reusability was relatively limited by the interactions of various hydrocarbons in the real diesel. The studies on overall kinetics and reaction pathway were conducted as well.

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“…Compounds of Sulfur exist in different forms that can be categorized into four groups namely: disulfides, mercaptans, thiophenes (THs), and sulfides [6]. There are different significant quantities of sulfur compounds in natural gas [7]. Sulfur compounds are unwanted in refining process owing to their tendency to catalyst deactivation during processing of crude oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodesulfurization of Petroleum Distillates—Current Status, Opportunities and Future Challenges

2017

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Sulfur oxide (SO 2 ) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are considered as one of the major air pollutants in the world today. In addition, high sulfur levels in petroleum distillates can promote the deactivation of catalysts through poisoning in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) during hydrocracking of the heavy distillates to lighter ones. The presence of high sulfur-containing compounds in the process streams could cause corrosion of piping and fittings and equipment, thereby damaging the pipelines and leading to air emissions of sulfur-containing compounds, which are undesirable for mankind and his environment. In many cases, a large quantity of SO x is released into the atmosphere when petroleum distillates that contain substantial amount of sulphur-containing compounds are used as fuel and combust. In this article, a short overview of different desulfurization methods that are employed to remove sulfur from petroleum distillates is provided. In particular, the review concentrates on biodesulfurization technique. In addition, this article intends to provide its readers current status of biodesulfurization (BDS). It critically analyses the trend in the development of the technology to showcase its strength and weakness that could pave a way for future opportunities. Approaches that are suitable to remediate sulfur-contaminated environment are discussed as well. Lastly, speculations on future directions or opportunities that require exploration are provided as a way of provoking the thoughts of researchers in this field.

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Determination of Total and Speciated Sulfur Content in Petrochemical Samples Using a Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Superior Deep Desulfurization of Real Diesel over MoO₃/Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of Refractory Compounds

Biodesulfurization of Petroleum Distillates—Current Status, Opportunities and Future Challenges

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Determination of Total and Speciated Sulfur Content in Petrochemical Samples Using a Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Process Control and Investigation of Oxidation Kinetics of Postoxidative Effluents Using Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection (GC-PFPD)

Superior Deep Desulfurization of Real Diesel over MoO3/Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of Refractory Compounds

Biodesulfurization of Petroleum Distillates—Current Status, Opportunities and Future Challenges

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Product

Resources

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Superior Deep Desulfurization of Real Diesel over MoO₃/Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of Refractory Compounds