Determination of total lead in lipstick: Development and validation of a microwave‐assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometric method

Hepp, Nancy M; Mindak, William R.; Cheng, John

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00577_2.x

Cited by 54 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Comparing the results inside each class, it is clear that the Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn concentrations in the samples under examination are relatively higher than those of the other elements analyzed (Figure 1). The (n = 22) average concentrations of heavy metals in the tested samples (22) were found equal 313.18 ± 0.09 μg/g (range 201 -11795 μg/g), with the highest concentration in (3-A) whereas the lowest in (4-B) was noticed for Al; 9642.92 ± 0.079 μg/g (69 -59702 μg/g). Regarding Fe, the highest concentration in (2-B) and minimum in (10-A) and the overall value was 46.59 ± 0.109 μg/g (16 -187 μg/g).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

Zainy¹

2017

JCDSA

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The present study reports the content of 14 heavy metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in twenty-two (n = 22) lipstick products of imported and locally manufactured at the local market in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The overall average contents of Al, Fe, Ti, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 3131.18 ± 0.09, 9642.92 ± 0.079, 46.59 ± 0.109, 0.545 ± 0.009, 2.041 ± 0.024, 1371.439 ± 0.085, 0.134 ± 0.008, 4.242 ± 0.02, ND, 3.934 ± 0.03, 19.712 ± 0.012, 20.196 ± 0.056, 0.725 ± 0.012, and 858.666 ± 0.083 μg/g, respectively. The correction coefficient of the results is up to 0.9995, showing an excellent linear relationship between metal concentrations in samples. The results also revealed that, the total concentrations of toxic metals in various samples ranged from 1201.35 -60,800.36 μg/g. The dark-colored lipstick samples 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 7B, B8, 9B, and 10B revealed high content of total toxic metals compared to the light-colored lipstick samples 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 4C, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ba, and Zn in the samples within each class under investigation are relatively high whereas the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Pb are lowest; and Ti, Mn, and Ni contents were below 100 μg/g. Chromium was not detected in any sample. Since no safe limits for most of these metals relating to cosmetic products are available in Saudi Arabia, it is hard to ascertain whether the values obtained in this study are relatively high or low. Prolonged use of products containing these elements may pose a threat to human health and could damage the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Hydrofluoric acid (HF) was neutralized after digestion by few drops of boric acid solution (4%) [20] [21] [22]. Calibration standards for each heavy metal were prepared daily y from the certified …”

Section: Reagents and Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

Zainy¹

2017

JCDSA

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“…Recent reports describing the presence of lead in lipsticks have suggested that, under ordinary use, the potential amount of Pb exposure is harmful (Hepp et al, 2009). Lead content in lipstick and other consumer products has become an increasing concern.…”

Section: Other Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Exposure and Environmental Health

Patočka¹,

Kuča²

2016

MMSL

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SummaryLead (Pb), which is widely used in industry, is a common element found in low concentrations in the Earth's crust. Lead has been used since prehistoric times. As a highly toxic heavy metal, the pollution and exposure risks of lead are of widespread concern for human health. This environmental contaminant causing irreversible health effects mainly in children. Especially children under the age of six are most at risk for lead poisoning. Lead toxicity causes hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological dysfunction. Symptoms are usually noted with blood lead greater than 2 μmol/litre. Severe or prolonged exposure may also cause chronic nephropathy, hypertension, and reproductive impairment. Lead inhibits some enzymes, alters cellular calcium metabolism, stimulates synthesis of binding proteins in kidney, brain, and bone, and slows down nerve conduction. The emission sources and pathological effects of lead are discussed.

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“…Add 6 ml of H 2 SO 4 98% and 2 ml of HF 40% by using graduated pipette. If part of the sample stays on the inner wall of the TFM vessel, wet it by adding acids drop by drop, then gently swirl the solution to homogenize the sample with the acids (24) . Digest in microwave digestion system at the specified program as follows:…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Heavy Metals in 16 Bleaching Creams and 3 Mixtures of Bleaching Creams from Local Market of Jeddah

2015

Egypt. J. Chem.

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EAVY metals on bleaching cream products easy cased many ……..types of skin problems and deleterious effects to the human health. Many consumers are using mixture of bleaching creams simultaneously to get a double activity (shiny and faster) on their skins. They are at risk of toxicity and adverse interactions due to their multiplicative contamination with heavy metals and uncertain mixing of different components. 16 bleaching creams and 3 mixtures of bleaching creams were digested with high pressure microwave technique followed by injection on Inductive Coupled PlasmaOptical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) for determining (Hg, Cd, Ti, Bi, Pd, As and Tl) elements. The obtained results showed that, the highest concentration for (Hg, Bi, Ti and Pb) on samples were 5739. 16, 7013.53, 21407.73, 456.70 ppm, respectively, other metals less than 28.99 ppm. One of the mixtures sample has high concentrations of Hg and Bi were 13338.50, 619.23 ppm, respectively, so creams and its mixtures which contain heavy metals above the permissible limit must be blind. Detection limits are achieved at the level of 2.5-50 µg/g, RSD were less than 14.72%, the recoveries for cosmetics were in the range of 88.52% to 99.62%. Good results show that the method is quick, accurate and convenient.

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Determination of total lead in lipstick: Development and validation of a microwave‐assisted digestion, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometric method

Cited by 54 publications

References 2 publications

Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

Heavy Metals in Lipstick Products Marketed in Saudi Arabia

Lead Exposure and Environmental Health

Determination of Heavy Metals in 16 Bleaching Creams and 3 Mixtures of Bleaching Creams from Local Market of Jeddah

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