Determination of Trace Amount of Gaseous Elements in Iron and Steel

Yasuhara, Hisao; Shimura, Makoto; Yoshioka, Keiichi; Abiko, K.

doi:10.2320/matertrans1989.41.71

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has been widely accepted that TiS is predominantly formed at temperatures higher than Ti 4 C 2 S 2 . [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] In addition, (d) solubility products of TiS and Ti 4 C 2 S 2 in austenite region have been proposed by many groups. 31,35,37,44,52,53,62,68) It has often been stated that sulfide precipitation in austenite phase can be fully described through thermodynamical calculation, but all the calculations are not always consistent with each other.…”

Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data-processing is a common and accepted method rather than the above procedure that a ''gap'' is confirmed. S. Hinotani and J. Endo [69][70][71] and other subsequent groups 72,73) have reported that (h) S as TiS corresponds to the subtraction of both (b) S as MnS and (f) S as Ti 4 C 2 S 2 from (a) S as sulfides, which is based on the assumption that Ti-IF steel has only three kinds of sulfides: TiS, Ti 4 C 2 S 2 and MnS. Their focus of attention is that TiS is regarded as a non-stoichiometic precipitate (S-rich TiSx), and they derive the atomic ratio of TiS x by using ''[(a) C-treated sample has S-richer TiS x than 1250 Ctreated Ti-IF steel.…”

Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. Except for the case of Cu-S and the data-processing of TiS, this method has been widely accepted for analyzing sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel, [69][70][71][72][73][74] but the role of Cu-S has not ever been discussed, because a trace level of Cu has not been treated positively and has been regarded as solid solution in steel. Therefore, since 1997, the authors have modified this technique so that Cu-S can be analyzed.…”

Section: Procedures Of ''Tai-betsu Analysis''mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Ishiguro¹,

Murayama²,

Fujita³

et al. 2009

Mater. Trans.

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The authors previously reported that even a trace level of copper (0.01% Cu) acts as a sulfide-former to form copper sulfide (Cu-S) in nonTi-added steel in which Mn has been thought to be the only sulfide-former so far. A new concept of copper-related sulfide precipitation is now extended to Ti-added steel. In addition, the total sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel is reconfigured with the new knowledge of Cu-S. The new concept is shown in three consecutive papers. This first paper focuses on the sulfide precipitation in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel.Through TEM observation and quantitative chemical analysis, it is reported that the sulfide precipitation in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel reflects not only the precipitation in the austenite region but also the inevitable precipitation behavior during the cooling process from austenite to ferrite region, especially trace-level-Cu-induced Cu-S precipitation in ferrite region during rapid cooling. The mechanism of the inevitable sulfide precipitation during the cooling process is mainly based upon TiS-decomposition-induced morphological change and the reprecipitation of sulfur which remains solute over precipitatable limit during the heat-treatment in austenite region, and is precisely discussed in relation with Cu-S precipitation. Purpose of Our Studies and Reviews of Past ReportsThrough three consecutive papers, 1,2) the authors demonstrate the comprehensive concepts of sulfide precipitation in Ti-added steel in austenite and ferrite regions with the addition of a new concept of copper sulfide (Cu-S) precipitation induced by a small amount of 0.01%Cu, as well as the rarely-mentioned concept that Ti 4 C 2 S 2 and MnS are formed in ferrite region. The first paper focuses on sulfide precipitation in austenite region, including the phenomena in austenite-heat-treated Ti-added steel with the subsequent various cooling pattern.The following review provides explanations and comments on past studies of Cu-related precipitation, together with our purposes. These items are mentioned only in this paper, the first part of three consecutive papers. Therefore, the following description includes phenomena in both austenite and ferrite regions, because these phenomena are related to each other and cannot be completely separated. Table 1 shows the overviews of past studies on both Curelated precipitation in steel and sulfide precipitation in steel, together with the purpose of the three consecutive studies. Each item below is referred to as a ''parenthetic No.'' in Table 1. First of all, it has been believed as an established theory that (1) a small amount of Cu in non-Ti-added steel exists as solid solution, and many people have not paid any attentions to it. However, as our group has already pointed out, (2) such a trace level of Cu acts as a sulfide-former to form copper sulfide (Cu-S) in non-Ti-added steel whose sulfide-former is only Mn (more precisely, 0.01%Cu). [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The first purpose is (#1) to...

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Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Purpose Of Our Studies and Reviews Of Past Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Procedures Of ''Tai-betsu Analysis''mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Ishiguro¹,

Murayama²,

Fujita³

et al. 2009

Mater. Trans.

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“…As the oxide layer on the iron generated by chemical pre-treatment was estimated to 1 nm [2][3][4], a 1 nm Pd coated sample was prepared. A glow discharge was applied to this model.…”

Section: Surface Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical or electrochemical polishing methods have been used to remove these contaminations. However, the authors have found that a residual contamination of about 1-2 mg/g was left according to the surface analysis [2][3][4]. The influence of the contamination was also found to depend not only on the pre-treatment procedure but also on the chemical composition of the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Pre-Treatment Procedure for the Determination of Trace Amount of Bulk Oxygen in Iron and Steel

Yasuhara¹,

Shimura²,

Yoshioka³

et al. 2002

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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Subject classification: 68.35.Dv; S1.1For the determination of trace amounts of oxygen in iron and steel, a pre-treatment procedure was developed using glow discharge. This permits to remove surface oxygen contaminations, which cannot be eliminated by conventional pre-treatment methods such as electropolishing. The analytical values of oxygen obtained after the glow discharge pre-treatment were approximately 1-2 mg/g lower than those without pre-treatment. This difference is consistent with the oxygen surface contamination determined by surface analysis and charged particle activation analysis.

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Determination of Trace Oxygen in Steel Using Tin after Removing Surface Oxide by Preheating.

et al. 2003

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When trace oxygen is analyzed by the method of inert gas fusion-infrared absorption, it is important to make a measurement immediately after the oxide on the surface of a sample has been removed. In general, file grinding, chemical polishing, and electrolytic polishing, etc. were done as a method for removing the surface oxide. However, oxide cannot be completely removed, because oxidation occurs immediately again after these procedures. The surface oxide begins reduction from 750 by carbon in the graphite crucible of the inert gas fusion. The surface oxide was removed in the temperature range of 900 1050. At 1050 or more, the sample had melted. Therefore, the sample was preheated for 60 seconds at 1000 in an inert gas atmosphere in a graphite crucible. Afterwards, purified Sn was added using dual sample/flux introduction system. It was melted at 2300 together with the sample, and the oxygen in the sample was measured. The interference of Mn as a getter of carbon monoxide in an oxygen analysis was eliminated by the addition of Sn, and an analysis of oxygen became possible after three minutes. An IR detector was installed in the absorption cell, whose length was five-times as long as that in the conventional model. The S/N was improved by five times. A sample of 2 g was analyzed using a large-volume graphite crucible. The analytical result of oxygen in a steel sample JSS GS-6b (oxygen concentration 3.4 µg g 1) became 2.9 µg g 1 , except for the surface oxygen. JSS GS-2c (oxygen concentration 17.5 µg g 1) became 16.8 µg g 1 , and both standard deviations was 0.2 µg g 1 .

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Determination of Trace Amount of Gaseous Elements in Iron and Steel

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Development of a Pre-Treatment Procedure for the Determination of Trace Amount of Bulk Oxygen in Iron and Steel

Determination of Trace Oxygen in Steel Using Tin after Removing Surface Oxide by Preheating.

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Determination of Trace Amount of Gaseous Elements in Iron and Steel

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) &mdash;Precipitation in Austenite Region&mdash;

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) &mdash;Precipitation in Austenite Region&mdash;

Development of a Pre-Treatment Procedure for the Determination of Trace Amount of Bulk Oxygen in Iron and Steel

Determination of Trace Oxygen in Steel Using Tin after Removing Surface Oxide by Preheating.

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Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (1) —Precipitation in Austenite Region—