Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method

Abstract

The present study describes a simple and highly selective method for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of lead. It is based on flotation of a complex of Pb2+ ions and Alizarin yellow between aqueous and n-hexane interface at pH = 6. The proposed procedure is also applied for determination of lead in both tap water and prepared sea water samples. Beer's Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 3.86 × 10-8 To 8.20 × 10-7 molL-1 (8-170 ngmL-1) with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.33 × 106 molL-1 cm-1 for a 100 mL aliquot of the water sample. The detection limit (n = 10) was 8.7 × 10-9 molL-1 (1.0 ngmL-1) and the Relative standard deviation (R.S.D), (n = 10) for 7.2 × 10-7 molL-1 (150 ngmL-1) of Pb (II) was 4.36%. A notable advantage of the method is that the determination of Pb (II) is free from the interference of almost all cations and ions found in the environment and waste water samples. The determination of Pb (II) in tap and synthetic seawater samples was also carried out by the present method. The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed to the real samples.

Zero order and first Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of pb(II) by Complex with N,N'-cyclohexane-l,2-diylidene-bis (4-methaxybenzoythydrazide) (CHMBH)

“…also, other products pollutants contain lead metal are dangers to the health and environment such as petrol products, cosmetics and hair dyes [1,2]. Many methods were used to determination lead such as, solid phase extraction [3], cloud point extraction combined with flame atomic absorption [4], graphite furnace atomic absorption [5,6], spectrophotometric [7] and flame atomic absorption [8]. Most of their methods are expensive or low selectivity and sensitivity.…”

A new potentiometric thiosalicylamide-functionalized polysiloxane carbon paste electrode for lead(II) determination

“…Some analytical techniques such as AAS, GFAAS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or polarographic analysis and atomic spectroscopy with high capability of determination of trace elements have already been used. However, due to their high cost, need for experts, special solvents, analysis of turbid solutions and need of maintenance demand for development of methods that eliminate these complications [5].…”

Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Lead (II) in Industrial Samples using 1, 3-Benzenediamine, N, N'-bis(2-furanylmethylene) in Presence of Surfactant

“…Atomic absorption spectrometry was used as the developed method has been applied for the determination of lead (II) appearing as impurities in pharmaceutical substances [12]. A large number of simple sensitive spectrophotometric methods are used for determination of lead by some different reagents such as alizarine yellow [13], dichlorohydroxyl phenyl porphyrin [14], 3-hydroxy-3-p tolyl-1-o chloro phenyl triezene [15], alizarin red [16], N-(2ˋ-Pyridyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide [17] and 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-Resorcinol [18] . These method offer the advantage of simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity and direct determination of lead [19].…”