Determination of trace elements and evaluation of their enrichment factors in Himalayan lichens

Bergamaschi, L.; Rizzio, E.; Valcuvia, Mariagrazia; Verza, G. P.; Profumo, Antonella; Gallorini, M.

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00138-0

Cited by 106 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The correlations between elements was valuated with a PCA for all the stations. The enrichment factor (EF) was often used to evaluate the intensity of metal contamination (Bergamaschi et al, 2002 ;Vieira et al, 2004). It is calculated as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale atmospheric contribution of trace elements registered in foliose lichens in remote French areas

Agnan

Séjalon‐Delmas

Claustres

et al. 2013

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The human activities affect atmospheric compartment by trace elements emissions. The evaluation of atmospheric deposition can be performed by means of bioaccumulator organisms. In this study, we investigated two lichen species (Xanthoria parietina and Parmelia sulcata) from five remote areas far from local sources of contamination in France. PCA and enrichment factor were used to set up the geochemical background of 16 trace elements (including metals and metalloids). Some elements known to be influenced by anthropogenic activities, merge into the geochemical background, like As. The enrichment factors showed a high enrichment for Sb, Cd, Zn, As, Cu, and Pb, and to a less extent Sn and Mn. Others elements were associated to lithogenic contribution, including particularly As. A significant gradient from the South to the North-East was observed, convergently to the increased concentration registered in soils.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale atmospheric contribution of trace elements registered in foliose lichens in remote French areas

Agnan

Séjalon‐Delmas

Claustres

et al. 2013

E3S Web of Conferences

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“…A reference element is often a conservative one, such as the most commonly used elements Al, Fe, Mn, Sc, Ti, etc. (Bergamaschi et al 2002;Mishra et al 2004;Yongming et al 2006). In this study, scandium (Sc) was used as a reference element as it mainly originates from natural lithogenic sources.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the Khoshk River water and sediment, Shiraz, Southwest Iran

Salati

Moore

2009

Environ Monit Assess

170

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Heavy metal contents and contamination characteristics of the water and sediment of the Khoshk River, Shiraz, Southwest Iran were investigated. The abundance of heavy metals decreases as Zn > Mn > Cr > Ni >Pb > Cu > Cd in water samples and Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd in sediments, respectively. Based on the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values, sediments were loaded with Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd. Pearson correlation matrix as well as cluster and principal components analyses and analysis of variance were implemented on data from sampling sites. Based on the locations of sampling sites in clusters and variable concentrations at these stations, it was concluded that municipal, industrial, and domestic discharges in the Shiraz urban area strongly affected heavy metals concentrations in the Khoshk River water and sediment. Results obtained from principal components analysis of sediment samples showed that the high concentration of Ni was mainly from natural origin, related to the composition of parent rocks, while the elevated values of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu were due to anthropogenic activities.

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“…However, the background data are not readily available in most of the cases. For metal EF calculation, when the local metal background values are not available, the upper continental crust values can be used as the background values [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. In this case, metal concentrations in the upper continental crust [3] were adopted as alternatives for the background values.…”

Section: Sediment Pollution Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Pollution in Coastal Sediments

Zhang

et al. 2015

Curr Pollution Rep

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Coastal sediment is a vital habitat for aquatic and marine life in coastal ecosystem. However, urbanization and economic development in coastal areas have resulted in environmental problems globally. Due to coastal development such as new industrial facilities and commercial port expansion, anthropogenic metals are introduced to the adjacent areas. Therefore, metal pollution in coastal areas is one of the focused environmental concerns. Sediment quality in coastal zone reflects the long-term environmental status because it keeps a record of the development in the area. In this review paper, sediment metal concentrations in 52 selected sites worldwide are summarized for evaluation of the coastal environmental quality. The results from this study can be applied to science-based policy formulation and ecological restoration/rehabilitation practices in an integrated coastal zone environmental management.Keywords Coastal sediment . Metal . Enrichment factor . Hazardous quotient . Risk assessment OverviewMetals with different speciations and oxidation states are naturally present in the earth crust [1]. Depending on the rock type, geophysical condition, and geographical location around the world, metal concentrations in sediments, soils, and water present as naturally weathered products from the earth crust can be different from place to place [2, 3]. Trace amount of metals is essential micronutrients for the growth and metabolism of many organisms [4]. However, metals in excessive amount can be toxic to organism and cause ecological toxicity [4]. Anthropogenic metal input associated with the urbanization and industrialization in the twentieth century has increased dramatically in the coastal areas and is drawing increasing attention around the world because about 80 % of the pollutants from human activities are introduced into coastal environment [1,5]. Therefore, metal pollution in the coastal sediments has become a major environmental problem because it threatens the economic and ecological value of the coastal area.Coastal environment is a complex system involving physical, chemical, and biological processes that play important roles in metal biogeochemical cycle. However, anthropogenic input has caused metal pollution in the coastal area. The sources include mining, metal product fabrication, solid waste disposal, fossil fuel combustion, and municipal/industrial waste effluent [1, 6]. Industries, such as foundry, paper processing, laundry, tannery, and dye works, can emit toxic metals and discharge wastewater to the adjacent estuaries and coastal areas [7,8]. Acid rain can leach metals and increase the mobility of toxic metals from pollutant sources to the environment [9]. Once enter coastal environment, the toxic metals will mainly accumulate in the sediments because of particle Curr Pollution Rep (2015) 1:203-219 DOI 10.1007 scavenging and settling. Therefore, high concentrations of toxic metals are often found in sediments in many industrialized urban coastal areas as a consequence of industrializat...

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Determination of trace elements and evaluation of their enrichment factors in Himalayan lichens

Cited by 106 publications

References 8 publications

Large scale atmospheric contribution of trace elements registered in foliose lichens in remote French areas

Large scale atmospheric contribution of trace elements registered in foliose lichens in remote French areas

Assessment of heavy metal concentration in the Khoshk River water and sediment, Shiraz, Southwest Iran

Metal Pollution in Coastal Sediments

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