Determination of triazine herbicides by capillary gas chromatography with large-volume on-column injection

Beltrán, J.; López, Francisco J.; Forcada, M.; Hernández, Félix

doi:10.1007/bf02466394

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this process, large-volume injection techniques offer suitable ways like direct water injection or in-vial extraction. Several applications of both methods have been described during recent years [1][2][3][4][5]. In a previous paper [6] the behaviour of water in a PTV injector during speed-controlled large-volume injection was demonstrated by means of a transparent model injector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-volume PTV injection: Comparison of direct water injection and in-vial extraction for GC analysis of triazines

1998

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SummaryThe potential of large-volume PTV injection was studied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in water sampies. Direct water injection and in-vial extraction were described and compared. Detection limits were between 0.01-0.02 gg L -1 and relative standard deviations were < 9 %. Both methods are suitable for the analysis of triazines at ppt-level, although in-vial extraction is favourable for water samples with relatively large amounts of matrix components.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-volume PTV injection: Comparison of direct water injection and in-vial extraction for GC analysis of triazines

1998

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“…Moreover, it has been shown that HADPs constitute the most important fraction of the atrazine residues found in soil (16,25) The higher pK a values of these metabolites (HADPs pK a ) 4-5; atrazine pK a ) 2) may allow them to establish mixedmode binding mechanisms based on hydrophobic and cationicexchange interactions with soil components, while atrazine and its chlorinated metabolites are limited to hydrophobic interactions (26). Environmental monitoring of these metabolites is based on chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry identification (GC/MS) after organic solvent extraction followed by purification/ concentration steps (7,(27)(28)(29). Due to their high polarity and water solubility, an important drawback of these procedures is the low efficiency of the procedures for extraction from aqueous samples (water solubility data: atrazine, 0.15 mM; HA, 0.24 mM; DEA, 2 mM; DIA, 1.20 mM; DEDIA, DEHA, and DIHA, >2 mM) (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Antibodies and Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Dealkylated Hydroxytriazines

Sanvicens

Pichon

Marco

2002

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dealkylated hydroxytriazines is reported here for the first time. The assay uses polyclonal antibodies raised against N-(4-amine-6-hydroxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4-aminobutanoic acid (hapten 2g) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin by the active ester method. The immunizing hapten was synthesized by first introducing the amino group to the triazine ring in a protected form in order to increase its solubility in organic media. Subsequent steps consisted of reacting this compound with an appropriate spacer arm, followed by removal of the protecting group in acidic media. The resulting assay uses a homologous competitor hapten coupled to conalbumin by the mixed anhydride method. Coating antigens prepared using a homologous covalent coupling procedure failed to produce competitive immunoassays. The assay tolerates media with high ionic strength (up to 70 mS cm(-)(1)) and basic pH values (7.5-9.5 units). Under the optimized conditions, this ELISA is specific for dealkylated hydroxytriazines, reaching suitable limits of detection.

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“…Different approaches are available for achieving large-volume injection in capillary GC: on-column injection [1][2][3][4], programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) injection [5][6][7][8][9], or splitless injection with solvent elimination [ 10,11 ]. Thus, the combination of microextraction procedures with LVI in GC seems a powerful tool in the analysis of organic micropollutants in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiresidue procedures for determination of triazine and organophosphorus pesticides in water by use of large-volume PTV injection in gas chromatography

et al. 2000

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Two procedures, based on large-volume injection with a programmed-temperature vaporizer (PTV), have been developed for the determination of several triazine and organophosphorus pesticides. The use of PTV for injection in gas chromatography (GC) has enabled the introduction of up to 200 ~L sample extract into the GC, thus increasing the sensitivity of the method. PTV injection has been combined off-line with two different microextraction procedures liquid-liquid partition and solid-phase extraction. A simple and rapid off-line liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (5 mL water/1 mL methyl tert-butyl ether) was applied to surface water samples spiked at levels between 0.01 and 5 #gL -1. Recoveries of the overall procedure were >80% and the precision was better than 15 %. Detection limits were <30 ng L 1 from 200-#L injections in GC-NPD analysis of triazines and GC-FPD analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Off-line automated solidphase extraction with Cls cartridges has been applied to water samples (50 mL) spiked at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 #g L 1. The overall procedure was satisfactory (recoveries >80 % and coefficients of variation <12 %) and the limits of detection ranged from 1 to 9 ng L 1. Finally, several surface water samples were analysed, and triazine herbicides were detected at concentrations of approx. 0.1 0.2 #g L 1. The results were similar to those obtained by conventional solvent extraction then GC-MSD after splitless injection of 2/~L.

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Determination of triazine herbicides by capillary gas chromatography with large-volume on-column injection

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Large-volume PTV injection: Comparison of direct water injection and in-vial extraction for GC analysis of triazines

Large-volume PTV injection: Comparison of direct water injection and in-vial extraction for GC analysis of triazines

Preparation of Antibodies and Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Dealkylated Hydroxytriazines

Multiresidue procedures for determination of triazine and organophosphorus pesticides in water by use of large-volume PTV injection in gas chromatography

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