Determination of U, Th and Pu in natural waters, biological materials and clinical samples by ETV-ICP-MS

Abstract

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Comparison of laser ablation, electrothermal vaporization and solution nebulization for the determination of radionuclides in liquid samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…This process was aided by use of a tetrafluoromethane (Freon-23) gaseous modifier to minimize carbide formation. 17 A lifetime of about 160 firings could be achieved for each Ta insert. Memory effects were observed when analyzing samples having concentrations of U higher than 5 ng g…”

“…Pyrolytic graphite-coated tubes fitted with a tantalum insert, 17 along with trifluoromethane (1.4% Freon-23 in Ar) (Air Liquide Canada Inc.) as a gaseous modifier, were used. The ETV was operated under software control from the host ELAN computer.…”

“…Calcium phosphate co-precipitation was used to achieve matrix separation and analyte preconcentration 17 for all samples and standards, unless stated otherwise. A 50 ml aliquot of sample was pipetted into a polypropylene centrifuge tube followed by addition of appropriate standards.…”

“…A variety of solution nebulization (SN) systems, [9][10][11][12] as well as electrothermal vaporization (ETV) [13][14][15][16][17] and laser ablation (LA) 18 techniques have thus been examined, the latter two holding promise of increased detection power because of enhanced sample introduction efficiency and, frequently, lower background arising from molecular ions. In addition, ETV has the ability to use thermal programming, allowing selective removal of sample matrix constituents, thereby eliminating or reducing spectroscopic interferences that would otherwise arise from the matrix.…”

“…We have earlier evaluated 17 the use of ETV sample introduction for the determination of U, Th and Pu in natural water, biological materials and urine. These elements suffer strong interaction with the graphite substrate at high temperatures, leading to carbide formation, severe memory effects and poor sensitivity.…”