Determination of urea, phosphate, and potassium in agricultural runoff waters using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Development of electrochemical sensors for quick detection of environmental (soil and water) NPK ions

“…It is well known that the use of large amounts of chemical fertilizers causes contamination of agricultural wastewater, although they are treated like macronutrients NPK in soil. To determine their presence in watercourses, Jagannathan and co-workers 183 developed a method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements involving the detection of urea (N), orthophosphate (PO 4 3− ) (P), and potassium K + (K) in agricultural watercourses, using stainless steel as working and counter electrodes and Ag/AgCl as a reference (details in Table 6 ).…”