Determination of vanadium valence in hydrated compounds

Sol-Gel Production and XPS Study of Sodium-Vanadium Oxide Bronze β-Phase

“…Na 1s, S 2p 3/2 and O 1s binding energies of Na 2 SO 4 are similar as reported for sodium-sulphur-oxygen compounds [9]. V 2p 3/2 and V 2p 1/2 peaks of bronze and xerogel consists of two components which corresponds to V 4+ and V 5+ ions [8]. O 1s peak of xerogel consists of three components which corresponds to O 2− , (OH) − and H 2 O [10,11].…”

“…The results of (135) the detailed investigation of all measured compounds are summarized in Table, where the binding energy values of the main XPS peaks are presented. The binding energies of V 2p 3/2 , V 2p 1/2 and O 1s peaks of V 2 O 5 are typical for vanadium pentoxide [8]. Na 1s, S 2p 3/2 and O 1s binding energies of Na 2 SO 4 are similar as reported for sodium-sulphur-oxygen compounds [9].…”

XPS Study of Sol-Gel Synthesized Vanadium-Titanium-Hydroquinone Oxide Bronze Films

“…The V 2p 3/2 peak of the V 1.67 Ti 0.33 O 5±δ •nH 2 O/HQ xerogel spectrum (Fig. 2a) consists of two components with a BE of ~ 517 eV and ~ 516 eV (see Table 2), which correspond to V 5+ and V 4+ ions respectively [22,[25][26][27]. The O 1s peak of the same xerogel consists of three components with a BE of ~ 530 eV, ~ 531 eV and ~ 533 eV, which correspond to O 2-ions connected with vanadium and titanium ions, hydroxyl groups (OH) -and oxygen in water molecules, respectively [22,[28][29][30].…”

“…2b and Table 2). The BE of the V 2p 3/2 peak is about 517 eV, which corresponds to V 5+ ions [22,[25][26][27]. The O 1s peak consists of two components with a BE of ~ 530 eV and ~ 531 eV (Fig.…”

XPS study of V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ·nH2O xerogels intercalated with hydroquinone

“…2 and 3). The binding energies of three V 2p 3/2 peak components are ∼517, ∼516, and ∼515 eV (see Tables 3 and 4) that correspond to 5+, 4+, and 3+ valence states of vanadium [13,[16][17][18]. The V 3+ ions exist in all investigated compounds before as well as after the Ar + ion bombardment.…”