Determination of vitamins A, E and K₁in milk by high-performance liquid chromatography with dual amperometric detection

Abstract

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with dual-electrochemical detection (HPLC-DEC) for the simultaneous determination of vitamins A, E and K1 is described. Separation was carried out using a C18 reversed-phase column and 2.5 mmol l-1 acetic acid-sodium acetate in methanol-water (99 + 1, v/v) as the mobile phase. The compounds eluted with good resolution in the above mentioned order within about 20 min and were quantified by dual-amperometric detection with a glassy carbon electrode at -1100 mV (E1) and + 700 mV (E2) (versus Ag/AgCl). This reductive-oxidative detection mode gave reproducible results and the detection limits were of the order of 0.06, 0.19 and 3.1 ng for vitamins A, E and K1, respectively. The HPLC-DEC method was successfully applied to the analysis of vitamins A, E and K1 in liquid cows' milk and infant-formula powdered-milk samples after applying alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty material and extraction of the vitamins with hexane for the analysis of vitamins A and E. In the case of vitamin K1 it was necessary to carry out enzymic hydrolysis, since this vitamin is degraded in basic medium, followed by cleaning with a Sep-Pak silica cartridge to isolate it from the other vitamins. Good recoveries (between 81 and 106%) were obtained.

Development of a validated liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of eight fat-soluble vitamins in biological fluids after solid-phase extraction

“…Detection modes involved in the determination of fat-soluble vitamins include UV, diode array [9,13] fluorimetric [14][15][16], and electrochemical [17][18][19], as well as particle beam MS detection [20].…”

Quantitation of Vitamin K in Foods

“…A further drawback of EC detection is that the sensitivity of detection can easily be reduced to an undetectable level by the absorption of co -eluted compounds on the surfaces of the electrodes. Another disadvantage is that the sample has to be dissolved in a semi -aqueous solvent, in which the required electrolyte is dissolved [51,52] .…”