Determination of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biological fluids using simultaneous derivatization and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Nasrollahpour, Hassan; Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza Afshar; Khoshmaram, Leila

doi:10.1007/s13738-015-0736-3

Cited by 45 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this method, BCF was used as the extraction solvent and derivatization regent to convert the analytes to their related butylated form. It is obvious that BCF volume has an important effect on the performance of the method and to obtain high efficiency [32]. Therefore, a series of experiments was performed in the presence of different volumes of BCF.…”

Section: Optimization Of Parameters In Air-assisted Liquid-liquid Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of derivatization/air‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction procedure for analyzing short‐chain fatty acids; assessment of the analytes in fruit juice samples

Assadi

Mogaddam

Farajzadeh

et al. 2021

Separation Science Plus

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An air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method has been developed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection for the extraction, derivatization, and determination of five short chain fatty acids including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and caproic acid from different fruit juices.In this method, butyl chloroformate was used as extraction solvent and derivatization agent, simultaneously. For this purpose, sample solution was adjusted at pH 8 and then mixed with picoline (as a catalyst). Next, a few microliters of butyl chloroformate was added to the solution and after performing predetermined extraction cycles, the obtained cloudy solution was centrifuged. An aliquot of the sedimented phase was injected into the determination system. Low limits of detection (3.23-9.63 ng/mL) and quantification (10.8-32.4 ng/mL) were obtained.The method had a proper repeatability (relative standard deviations ≤ 7.38%) for intra-(n = 6) and interday (n = 5) precisions at a concentration of 50 ng/mL (each analyte). High enrichment factors (360-415), extraction recoveries (72-93%), and enhancement factors (1126-1852) were obtained. The developed method was successfully used in determination of the analytes in the studied samples. K E Y W O R D Sair-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, derivatization, fruit juice, gas chromatography, short chain fatty acids 1 INTRODUCTION Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are linear, saturated, and aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that usually contain one to six carbon atoms per molecule [1]. They play an important role in nutrition and human body [2]. Clinical studies verified that they are helpful in the prevention Abbreviations: AALLME, air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction; EF, enrichment factor; EnF, enhancement factor; ER, extraction recovery; LR, linear range of certain cancers, syndromes, and bowel disorders [3]. Acetic acid and propionic acid are the most known SCFAs annually produced around 10 6 metric tons in the world and used in preparation of different foods (e.g., vinegar), solvents, and chemical compounds [4]. Anaerobic bacteria ferment carbohydrates and proteins of foods and convert them to SCFAs. Thus, they can be considered as excellent indicators for bacterial activity in foods [5,6]. Production of SCFAs affects organoleptic properties of foods (flavor, color, and aroma) and causing the appearance of rancid flavors [7]. Generally, acid degree value (ADV) has been 240

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Section: Optimization Of Parameters In Air-assisted Liquid-liquid Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of derivatization/air‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction procedure for analyzing short‐chain fatty acids; assessment of the analytes in fruit juice samples

Assadi

Mogaddam

Farajzadeh

et al. 2021

Separation Science Plus

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“…Since Assadi and co‐workers firstly proposed the dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME) in 2006 [4], different extractants and extraction modes have been developed rapidly in recent years, for example, ultrasound‐assisted DLLME [5], air assisted DLLME [6–8], and solidification floating organic drop based DLLME [9,10]. In DLLME, the trace extractants were directly dispersed into tiny droplets in the presence of the dispersive solvent or under the action of external force, and the extraction equilibrium was quickly reached due to sufficient contact area between extractants and target analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction has garnered increasing attention in sample preparation due to its rapid and efficient extraction process. In this study, a new terpineol‐based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was firstly synthesized by mixing α‐terpineol with 1‐octanoic acid, and then applied to analysis of phenols from water samples by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that hydrogen bonding was responsible for the formation of deep eutectic solvent between α‐terpineol and 1‐octanoic acid. After optimization of several parameters, such as the type and volume of deep eutectic solvent and the disperser, pH and ionic strength of sample solution, the developed method exhibited excellent extraction performance to the phenols with the enrichment factors from 27 to 32. Good linearity was acquired ranging from 5 to 5000 μg/L, and detection of limits of the proposed method for the phenols ranged from 0.15 to 0.38 μg/L. The recoveries measured by spiked samples at three concentration levels ranged from 81.6 to 99.3%, and precision was found with intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations less than 8.7 and 9.2%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the phenols in environmental water samples.

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“…To overcome this problem, a combination of HLLE with a microextraction method like DLLME has been used [22, 23]. DLLME is the most famous LPME method reported in 2006 consists of a ternary system including an aqueous solution containing the analytes, a water‐immiscible extraction solvent, and a disperser solvent [24]. Several profits such as high extraction efficiency, easiness, rapidity, and low consumption of organic solvents are considered as the advantages of DLLME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of temperature‐assisted ternary phase homogenous liquid–liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples

Ebadnezhad

Mogaddam

Mohebbi

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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A three‐phase homogenous liquid–liquid extraction method followed by deep eutectic solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been used for the extraction and preconcentration of some phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples. In this method, cow milk or melted cream was transferred into a glass test tube and a mixture of sodium hydroxide solution (as fatty acids saponification agent) and acetonitrile (as extraction/dispersive solvent) was added to the solution. The mixture was shaken manually and placed in a water bath. After dissolving sodium chloride and centrifugation, the obtained supernatant phase (acetonitrile) was removed and mixed with ethyl methyl ammonium chloride: phenyl acetic acid deep eutectic solvent at microliter level. Under optimum conditions, low limits of detection (1.6–4.1 μg/L) and quantification (5.3–13.1 μg/L), high enrichment factors (138–207), and extraction recoveries (55–83%), and good precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 6.8%) can be obtained. The method was done on different milk and cream samples and the results showed that total phytosterols level in all samples were in the permitted level established by the National Standard Organization Guidelines, except for three cream samples.

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Determination of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biological fluids using simultaneous derivatization and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Development of derivatization/air‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction procedure for analyzing short‐chain fatty acids; assessment of the analytes in fruit juice samples

Development of derivatization/air‐assisted liquid‐liquid microextraction procedure for analyzing short‐chain fatty acids; assessment of the analytes in fruit juice samples

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples

Combination of temperature‐assisted ternary phase homogenous liquid–liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples

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