Determination of Xanthine in the Presence of Hypoxanthine by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode

Abstract

A stripping method for the determination of xanthine in the presence of hypoxanthine at the submicromolar concentration levels is described. The method is based on controlled adsorptive accumulation at the thin-film mercury electrode followed by a fast linear scan voltammetric measurement of the surface species. Optimum experimental conditions were found to be the use of 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 NaOH solution as supporting electrolyte, an accumulation potential of 0.00 V for xanthine and −0.50 V for hypoxanthine–copper, and a linear scan rate of 200 mV second−1. The response of xanthine is linear over the concentration ranges of 20–140 ppb. For an accumulation time of 30 minutes, the detection limit was found to be 36 ppt (2.3 × 10−10 mol L−1). Adequate conditions for measuring the xanthine in the presence of hypoxanthine, copper and other metals, uric acid, and other nitrogenated bases were also investigated. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the presence of xanthine associated with hypoxanthine, uric acid, nitrogenated bases, ATP, and ssDNA.

Detection of Hypoxanthine from Inosine and Unusual Hydrolysis of Immunosuppressive Drug Azathioprine through the Formation of a Diruthenium(III) System

“…Previously reported methods of determination of hpx include high-performance liquid chromatography [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], capillary electrophoresis [ 29 , 30 ], spectrophotometry [ 31 , 32 ] and electrochemiluminescence [ 33 , 34 ], which are usually costly and laborious and require a long analysis time. On the other hand, electrochemical methods offer several advantages, such as relatively simple and cheap instrumentation, high selectivity and sensitivity, high stability and rapid response time [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Nevertheless, given the wide range of potentially interfering purine-based compounds that can affect the detection of hpx generated in biological processes, more selective methods of analysis are needed.…”