Determination of Young’s modulus of carbon nanofiber probes fabricated by the argon ion bombardment of carbon coated silicon cantilever

Inaba, Kazuaki; Saida, Kouji; Ghosh, Pradip; Matsubara, Ken; Subramanian, M.; Hayashi, Akari; Hayashi, Yasuhiro; Tanemura, Masaki; Kitazawa, Masashi; Ohta, Ryo

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.05.051

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Finally, the elastic modulus measured for different CNFs samples follow the similar trend. These results are comparable with the elastic modulus of amorphous and hollow CNFs based probes calculated to be 42 GPa 11…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Furthermore, Zussman et al10 reported the mechanical properties of solid electronspun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐derived CNFs: the failure stress of CNFs varied from 0.32 to 0.90 GPa and the average Young's modulus was 63 ± 7 GPa. In addition, Inaba et al11 found the Young's modulus to be 38–48 GPa for CNFs probes fabricated by the argon ion bombardment of carbon coated silicon cantilever. However, the limitation of AFM based testing, such as poor accuracy and reproducibility, greatly hampers the mechanical measurement of individual CNFs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative In Situ Mechanical Characterization of the Effects of Chemical Functionalization on Individual Carbon Nanofibers

Zhang

Loya

Peng

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative In Situ Mechanical Characterization of the Effects of Chemical Functionalization on Individual Carbon Nanofibers

Zhang

Loya

Peng

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Moreover, PAN is much cheaper than pitch [13]. Therefore, PAN, currently, is the main precursor to fabricate high-performance commercial CNFs [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning fabrication and in situ mechanical investigation of individual graphene nanoribbon reinforced carbon nanofiber

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Carbon

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Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with opened edges and less structural defects are embedded in polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by electrospinning followed by stabilization and carbonization. GNRs not only can be used as one-dimensional nanofillers, but also act as nanoplatelet template to promote the formation of graphitic carbon in PAN matrix. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and N 2 absorption are used to analyze the microstructure of GNR-reinforced CNFs. In situ tensile test using a micromechanical device inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is carried out to evaluate the mechanical performance of individual GNR-reinforced CNF. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of CNFs reinforced by 2 wt.% GNRs with a diameter of ~160 nm are 3.52 GPa and 70.07 GPa, respectively, which are higher than those of pristine PAN CNFs with similar size, i.e. 2.44 GPa and 28.97 GPa. The rough fracture surface for all GNR-reinforced CNFs suggests that the GNRs can dramatically toughen the fibers. A sword-in-sheath failure is observed in 4 wt.% GNR reinforced CNFs, confirming that GNRs are entirely embedded and well aligned along the fiber axis. This study demonstrates the potential of GNRs as a promising reinforcement to improve the formation of graphitic carbon and mechanical performance of CNFs.

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“…[21] Accordingly, the theoretical maximum J* at the amorphous carbon nanotip/Si sliding interface is estimated to be on the order of 100 A m −2 . Assuming a surface nanotip (r ≈ 25 nm) density of 10 14 -10 15 per m 2 according to the topographic image (1-10 nanotips per 100 × 100 nm 2 ), 1-10 pN contact force may be exerted on each nanotip at the frictional interface when ≈0.1 N normal force F is applied to the carbon aerogel monolith (d ≈ 1 cm).…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aelm201900464mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribo‐Tunneling DC Generator with Carbon Aerogel/Silicon Multi‐Nanocontacts

Cheikh

Bao

et al. 2019

Adv Elect Materials

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Mechanical energy conversion technologies such as piezoelectric or triboelectric nanogenerators are able to harvest environmental energy (e.g., vibration, wind, tidal wave) and human body motion for powering electric vehicles, sensor networks, and wearable devices. [1][2][3] Traditional triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) may generate high voltage but with extremely low AC current ( J ≈ 0.01-0.1 A m −2 ) density. [1] The performance of TENGs is optimal only at high frequency due to the dielectric displacement current mechanism, while the environmental mechanical sources usually have frequencies lower than 10 Hz. [4] In contrast, the non-equilibrium tribo-tunneling phenomenon, recently discovered in the semiconductor-based Schottky moving contacts, is capable of generating a continuous DC current as high as 100 A m −2 regardless of the motion direction, and not limited by the mechanical source frequency. [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10] The tribo-tunneling transport tip-enhanced current generation, as reported by Liu et al. [3,6] using conductive-atomic force microscope (C-AFM), show that the tribo-tunneling current density ( J) output can be boosted by the nano-sized contact (tip radius R ≈ 30 nm) up to 10 6 A m −2 due to the enhanced electronic excitation and strong localized electric field E. It has been reported that a micro-tip (tip radius R ≈ 30 µm) sliding system produces a current density of 35 A m −2 while larger tip radius (R ≈ 100-300 µm) yields a current density of 10 A m −2 in the test probe sliding system. [5,6] However, scaling up the concept with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-fabricated tip array is time-consuming and costly. The metal micro-tips also cause substrate surface scratching, which impacts the sustainability of the power generation. Moreover, the relatively low open-circuit voltage (V oc , 300-600 mV) of the single metal/Si sliding unit is insufficient for practical applications in electronics. To address those issues, we developed a carbon aerogel-based system in this work, which scales up the DC output and enhances the Voc output by one order via naturally formed Schottky nanocontacts.Carbon aerogel is electrically conductive, synthetic ultralight material composed of 3D network structures of interconnected amorphous carbon nanoparticles. [11] It has been widely used for nanocomposite, electrodes, desalination filters, and heterogeneous catalysis due to its large surface area. [12] In this work, Although tip-enhanced tribo-tunneling in metal/semiconductor point nanocontact is capable of producing DC with high current density, scaling up the process for power harvesting for practical applications is challenging due to the complexity of tip array fabrication and insufficient voltage output. Here, it is demonstrated that mechanical contact between a carbon aerogel and silicon (SiO 2 /Si) interface naturally forms multiple nanocontacts for tribo-tunneling current generation with an open-circuit voltage output (V OC ) reaching 2 V, and short-circuit DC current output (I SC ) of ≈15 µA. It h...

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Determination of Young’s modulus of carbon nanofiber probes fabricated by the argon ion bombardment of carbon coated silicon cantilever

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Quantitative In Situ Mechanical Characterization of the Effects of Chemical Functionalization on Individual Carbon Nanofibers

Quantitative In Situ Mechanical Characterization of the Effects of Chemical Functionalization on Individual Carbon Nanofibers

Electrospinning fabrication and in situ mechanical investigation of individual graphene nanoribbon reinforced carbon nanofiber

Tribo‐Tunneling DC Generator with Carbon Aerogel/Silicon Multi‐Nanocontacts

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