Determination of zopiclone in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HPLC–ESI-MS/MS validated method for simultaneous quantification of zopiclone and its metabolites, N-desmethyl zopiclone and zopiclone-N-oxide in human plasma

“…These methods have been developed employing different analytical techniques viz. capillary electrophoresis [28], radioimmunoassay [33,35], gas chromatography [8,11,15,20,27], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [6,8,30,40], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [7,10,17,24,29,31,[37][38][39], high performance liquid chromatography with UV [9,13,18,19,22,25,32], diode array [21,40] and fluorescence detection [10,12,14,16,36]. Majority of these methods are for the detection and quantitation of zopiclone in combination with other benzodiazepines.…”

“…As hypnotics and benzodiazepines are routinely screened for clinical and forensic toxicology applications, several analytical procedures are reported to determine zopiclone and/or its metabolites in a variety of biological matrices like, whole blood [6][7][8][9][10], plasma [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], serum [10,[24][25][26][27], urine [7,10,14,23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], hairs [7,37], nails [37], oral fluids [38,39] and others [40]. These methods have been developed employing different analytical techniques viz.…”

Simultaneous determination of zopiclone and its degradation product and main impurity (2-amino-5-chloropyridine) by micellar liquid chromatography with time-programmed fluorescence detection: Preliminary investigation for biological monitoring

“…A comprehensive literature search revealed that many of the reported methods failed to separate the parent drug from its degradation product and thus lack the stability-indicating nature [3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. On the other hand, few methods were applied as stability-indicating assays for ZPC, those methods are either not sufficiently sensitive to detect trace amounts of ACP in ZPC drug substance [16][17][18], or even they are time consuming requiring long run time to separate the drug from its degradation product [8].…”

“…Literature review revealed many analytical methods for the determination of ZPC including spectrophotometry [3], HPLC [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], GC [9][10][11][12], TLC [13], ion-selective electrode [14] and polarographic methods [14,15].…”

Analytical Method Development and Validation for Determination of Residual Solvent in Zopiclone Tablets by Headspace Gas Chromatography

“…Techniques for the determination of zopiclone in tablets include polarographic [7,8], HPLC and UV [9][10] methods. As an official compound in British pharmacopeia (BP), zopiclone is assayed by nonaqueous titrimetric method with potentiometric detection of end point for pure form and HPLC method for tablets [11], Literature survey also reveals many analytical methods for determination of zopiclone [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Zopiclone tablets are a film coated tablets, where isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and methylene chloride (MDC) are used during coating.…”