Determination of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in Food Products Containing Cyanobacteria by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation

Glover, W. Broc; Baker, Teesha C.; Murch, Susan J.; Brown, Paula N.

doi:10.5740/jaoacint.15-084

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Blinded samples of brain tissue, blood serum and CSF were analysed for BMAA content using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a precolumn 6-aminoquinolyl- N -hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatization using the validated method determined by the Association of Analytical Communities AOAC International [ 43 ]. Negative controls included matrix blanks from control vervets with no detectable BMAA, AQC-derivatized blanks, internal standards and solvent blanks (HCl, TCA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain

et al. 2016

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Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and β-amyloid plaques are the neurological hallmarks of both Alzheimer's disease and an unusual paralytic illness suffered by Chamorro villagers on the Pacific island of Guam. Many Chamorros with the disease suffer dementia, and in some villages one-quarter of the adults perished from the disease. Like Alzheimer's, the causal factors of Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC) are poorly understood. In replicated experiments, we found that chronic dietary exposure to a cyanobacterial toxin present in the traditional Chamorro diet, β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), triggers the formation of both NFT and β-amyloid deposits similar in structure and density to those found in brain tissues of Chamorros who died with ALS/PDC. Vervets (Chlorocebus sabaeus) fed for 140 days with BMAA-dosed fruit developed NFT and sparse β-amyloid deposits in the brain. Co-administration of the dietary amino acid l-serine with l-BMAA significantly reduced the density of NFT. These findings indicate that while chronic exposure to the environmental toxin BMAA can trigger neurodegeneration in vulnerable individuals, increasing the amount of l-serine in the diet can reduce the risk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain

et al. 2016

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“…Samples were extracted using 6.0 M HCl following previously validated protocols (Glover et al, 2015). 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC)-derivatized amino acids were separated by reverse phase chromatography (Glover et al, 2015) and analyzed on two instruments; a Waters Xevo TQ-S Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) and a Thermo Scientific TSQ Quantiva (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in comparison with AQC-derivatized BMAA and isomers (N-2(aminoethyl) glycine (AEG); 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB); β-amino-N-methyl-alanine (BAMA)).…”

Section: Bmaa and Isomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health responses to toxic cyanobacterial blooms: perspectives from the 2016 Florida event

et al. 2018

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In June 2016, massive cyanobacterial blooms occurred in the St. Lucie River in Florida, caused by nutrient and cyanobacterial-laden water releases from Lake Okeechobee. We independently collected and analyzed bloom material for cyanotoxin diversity and concentrations. The concentrations of microcystins, potent hepatotoxins, present in the bloom material greatly exceeded World Health Organization Guideline Values for drinking and recreational water. We also detected the neurotoxins anatoxin-a(S) and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). The Florida State Governor declared a state of emergency, but many affected aquatic recreational areas in St. Lucie County remained open during the bloom event without adequate hazard notification to citizens. During the bloom event, issues with preparedness, communication, sampling, analysis, closures and contingencies were observed. We suggest better ways that cyanobacterial bloom events can be predicted, managed, and mitigated in the future throughout the world. As similar problems with cyanobacterial bloom frequency and occurrence present worldwide, understanding governmental responses to the 2016 Florida incident can help in the development of effective mitigation and management strategies for future bloom events.

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“…Anatoxin-a and its congeners have been reported in different brands containing both Spirulina and A. flos-aquae [13,17]. Moreover, some strains of A. flos-aquae are known to produce saxitoxins and β-methylamino- l -alanine, the presence of the latter having been confirmed in CB dietary supplements [21,22,23,24,25,26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Cyanotoxins in Algae Dietary Supplements

Roy-Lachapelle

Solliec

Bouchard

et al. 2017

Toxins

112

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Algae dietary supplements are marketed worldwide as natural health products. Although their proprieties have been claimed as beneficial to improve overall health, there have been several previous reports of contamination by cyanotoxins. These products generally contain non-toxic cyanobacteria, but the methods of cultivation in natural waters without appropriate quality controls allow contamination by toxin producer species present in the natural environment. In this study, we investigated the presence of total microcystins, seven individual microcystins (RR, YR, LR, LA, LY, LW, LF), anatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a, epoxyanatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and β-methylamino-l-alanine in 18 different commercially available products containing Spirulina or Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Total microcystins analysis was accomplished using a Lemieux oxidation and a chemical derivatization using dansyl chloride was needed for the simultaneous analysis of cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin, and β-methylamino-l-alanine. Moreover, the use of laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) both coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enabled high performance detection and quantitation. Out of the 18 products analyzed, 8 contained some cyanotoxins at levels exceeding the tolerable daily intake values. The presence of cyanotoxins in these algal dietary supplements reinforces the need for a better quality control as well as consumer’s awareness on the potential risks associated with the consumption of these supplements.

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Determination of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in Food Products Containing Cyanobacteria by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain

Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain

Public health responses to toxic cyanobacterial blooms: perspectives from the 2016 Florida event

Detection of Cyanotoxins in Algae Dietary Supplements

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