Determination, residue analysis, risk assessment and processing factors of tebufenozide in okra fruits under field conditions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ensuring the yield, quality, and profitability of okra by preventing and controlling pests with the application of insecticides has increased in the last decade. Some insecticide residues might remain in edible parts of okra (fruits) and lead to several potential human health problems. Therefore, research on the residue behaviour, risk assessment and removal approach of insecticides on okra fruits is important for food safety, together with the proper application and residual elimination of insecticides in okra. RESULTS: A simple liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established and validatedfor determining the tebufenozide residues in okra fruits. The recoveries of tebufenozide in okra fruits were >72% with relative standard deviations of 0.6 to 6.1%. The dissipation rates of tebufenozide were different in okra fruits cultivated under open land and glasshouse field conditions because of the discriminating humidity and temperature conditions. The dietary intake of the tebufenozide residues from okra fruit consumption for Chinese consumers was fairly low, with approximately no potential health risk. The processing factor values of washing, blanching, washing + blanching and soaking were all less than one, which indicated that these processes could effectively reduce the residual hydrazide in the okra fruit. CONCLUSION: The developed method for analysing tebufenozide in okra fruits was applicable for field studies on this insecticide. The potential health risk of tebufenozide in okra fruits could be negligible to the health of different age groups of Chinese consumers. The soaking process effectively removed tebufenozide residues from okra fruits. The obtained data will help Chinese governments establish a maximum residue limit of tebufenozide in okra and provide data for the risk assessment and removal of tebufenozide in other crops.

Determination, dissipation dynamics, terminal residues and dietary risk assessment of thiophanate‐methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in cowpeas collected from different locations in China under field conditions

“…The efficacy of the approach was assessed by the following factors: linearity, R 2 (coefficient of determination), matrix effect (ME), LOD, LOQ, recovery and RSD. [35][36][37] Linearity was determined by applying the standard solutions and matrix-matched standard solutions at seven concentrations (from 0.005 to 1 μg mL −1 ) for thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim. ME values were estimated from the following equation: ME = slope of matrix-matched standard calibration curve/slope of solvent standard calibration curve.…”

“…The acute and chronic dietary risks posed by thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim were determined from the following equations: 35,40 NESTI=FI×HR=b:w:…”

Dissipation, adsorption–desorption, and potential transformation products of pinoxaden in soil

“…LOD and LOQ were determined from a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 and the lowest spiked level (Ramasubramanian et al, 2012). The recovery experiments were carried out at three spiked concentrations (0.4, 4, and 50 μg/kg) to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the optimized method (Luo et al, 2020).…”

Residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and its metabolites during tea growing and tea brewing

“…An RQ value < 100% indicates the risk of the evaluated pesticide is acceptable risk to consumers, whereas RQ > 100% indicates an unacceptable risk to consumers. 26,27 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…”