Determine the components of Kaffir Lime Oil (Citrus Hystrix DC.) in the Microwave-assisted Extraction Process

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) are a complex element consisting of dozens to hundreds of compounds different. The essential characteristics of essential oils are governed by the main components of essential oils including oxygen monoterpen, hydrocarbon monoterpene, oxygen sesquiterpene, carbonylic compound, phenol, fatty acids and esters, which determine the primary aroma of essential oil. Kaffir lime EOs (Citrus hystrix DC; Rutaceae) is increasingly being used as a flavoring in perfume, cosmetic industries and food. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to extract essential oils from Kaffir lime to determine the components that create this fragrance. Kaffir lime EOs is obtained from 100g of fresh citrus peels of Citrus hystrix DC by microwave extraction method in 60 minutes and 450W power. The quality of Kaffir lime peel oil is assessed based on the chromatography of the compound present by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Shell analysis led to the identification of twenty-six compounds that make up 100% of the essential oil and yield is 6%. The main compounds in kaffir lime shells such as β-pinene (45.206%), α-pinene (2.365%), D-limonene (18.358%), citronellal (17.745%), terpinen-4-ol (4.9964%).

Determination of the Major By-Products of Citrus hystrix Peel and Their Characteristics in the Context of Utilization in the Industry

“…Some research on kaffir lime oil composition has been provided so far [ 25 ]. In most cases, β-pinene, limonene, and sabinene were major chemical compounds [ 26 , 27 ].…”

“…In most cases, β-pinene, limonene, and sabinene were major chemical compounds [ 26 , 27 ]. It should be remembered that the content of volatile substances in essential oils depends on the geographical origin of the fruit [ 25 ]. Warsito et al determined citronellal as the major component of Citrus hystrix essential oils, with small amounts of terpenes described above [ 28 ].…”

The Development of the Antibacterial Microcapsules of Citrus Essential Oil for the Cosmetotextile Application: A Review

“…The plant parts taken were the fruit peel. The methods used most are the hydrodistillation [44,[60][61][62][63][64], microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) [65], solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) [66]. GC-MS analysis discovered 101 types of chemical components with varied compositions.…”

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Emulsion-Based Gel Containing Combined Essential Oils from Melaleuca alternifolia and Citrus hystrix

“…Moreover, the essential oil derived from the peels and leaves is extensively used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, due to their significant pharmacological properties. These properties are primarily attributed to major phyto-constituents present in KPO, including β-pinene, α-pinene, Dlimonene, and terpinen-4-ol [11,12]. Additionally, KPO demonstrates inhibitory effects on human skin enzymes, including tyrosinase and hyaluronidase [13].…”