Determinig the Energy Equivalent Speed by Using Software Based on the Finite Element Method

Macurová, Ľudmila; Ballay, Michal; Čopiak, Marek; Imrich, Ladislav; Rédl, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2020.02.050

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The CRASH3 algorithm’s accuracy is mainly influenced by the accuracy of the stiffness coefficient [ 11 ]. American vehicles may differ structurally in comparison to European vehicles, so may differ in stiffness even in the same vehicle [ 18 , 38 , 39 ]. This paper did not focus on a selection of these parameters even though the choice of vehicle substitutes also affects the EES calculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What should I use to calculate vehicle EES?

Moravcová,

Bucsuházy,

Zůvala

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Comprehensive crash analysis includes calculating impact speed, which requires the determination of kinetic energy expended on the deformation of the vehicle’s structural elements at the point of contact during a collision. The accuracy of the input data affects the resulting analysis of the crash. Therefore, this article aims to analyse selected factors influencing the determination of Energy Equivalent Speed (EES) determination using the CRASH3 algorithm: the extent of damage using defined measurement points, deformation width, and also limit speed b0. The variables were varied depending on selected factors such as the extent of damage, the type of collision (overlap), and also vehicle type (vehicle category classification). The presented study concluded that using 2 equally spaced measurement points to define the deformation profile should not be recommended in forensic practice when using CRASH3 algorithm. Using 7 measurement points seems more appropriate in case of equal spacing, even though the differences in calculated EES are not high when using 5 or 6 measurement points, especially with respect to the inaccuracy/technically acceptable tolerance of the EES value determination. The resulting EES is significantly influenced by variation of the deformation width. The used b0 range had a significant effect on the resulting EES value only in the case of SUVs. These vehicles show higher stiffness, which supposes the use of lower b0 values should not be recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What should I use to calculate vehicle EES?

Moravcová,

Bucsuházy,

Zůvala

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Another drawback is that the EES catalog does not contain the latest crash test results for the car models; they are updated only after a certain period of time. When applying the EES comparison method, where car deformations are visually compared with car deformations from the known EES catalog, it is important to estimate the difference in the car weights by applying the appropriate formula [23][24][25]: Energy Equivalent e the energy equivalent of vehicle damhotos of various car crash tests. Tests are eeds and using different collision types.…”

Section: Application Of the Ees Catalog To Estimating The Energy Equi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d, where car deformations are visually EES catalog, it is important to estimate appropriate formula [23][24][25]:…”

Section: Application Of the Ees Catalog To Estimating The Energy Equi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Energy Equivalent Speed of Car Damage Using a Finite Element Model

Droździel,

Pasaulis,

Pečeliūnas

et al. 2024

Vehicles

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To determine the speed of a vehicle in a collision with body deformation, the kinetic energy input of the vehicle to cause body damage must be estimated. This paper analyzes the methods for estimating the energy equivalent of vehicle damage. A finite element model of a Toyota Yaris developed by the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC) for use in the LS DYNA R.11.0.0 software environment is used for the simulation. The simulations include tests of the vehicle hitting a non-deformable wall, an object simulating a pole or a tree. The residual deformations obtained are used to determine the energy equivalent speed (EES) values using the “Crash 3—EBS Calculation 12.0” software and a visual comparison with the EES catalog database, where the EES parameter value is recalculated to take into account the difference in the mass of the vehicles.

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“…Fahlstedt et al built a finite element collision model of vehicles and carried out simulation analyses to study the effects of the initial impact velocity and angle on the results of accident reconstruction [17]. Macurová et al discussed the possibility of studying the value of energy-equivalent velocity using PC-Crash software and provided a theoretical basis [18]. Based on finite element simulation, Evtiukova proposed a method to calculate vehicle velocity through vehicle collision deformation, but it is only applicable for calculating the velocity of frontal vehicle collisions with non-deformable obstacles [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Calculating the Velocity of Corner-to-Corner Rear-End Collisions of Vehicles Based on Collision Deformation Analysis

Cao¹,

Ye²,

Han³

2021

Applied Sciences

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To improve the efficiency of solving vehicle collision velocity and provide sufficient evidence for the identification of accident responsibility, we proposed a method combining the momentum equation and finite element simulation. We built a finite element simulation model of a vehicle where multiple collision simulation experiments were carried out, and studied the calculation method of collision deformation. After fitting and analyzing the simulated deformation data of an accident vehicle under different velocities through collision simulation experiments, a relationship model between collision velocity and deformation was established, and a method to solve the collision velocity was proposed by combing the existing two-dimensional collision momentum equation of the vehicle. For actual collision cases, the proposed velocity solution method and the simulation software were used for reconstruction analyses, respectively, and the results of the instantaneous contact velocity of vehicle collision were compared. It was found that the velocity calculation results obtained using the two methods above were in good agreement; the shape and depth of the simulated deformation were consistent with the actual deformation of the vehicle.

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Determinig the Energy Equivalent Speed by Using Software Based on the Finite Element Method

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

What should I use to calculate vehicle EES?

What should I use to calculate vehicle EES?

Evaluation of the Energy Equivalent Speed of Car Damage Using a Finite Element Model

A Method for Calculating the Velocity of Corner-to-Corner Rear-End Collisions of Vehicles Based on Collision Deformation Analysis

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