“…However, GA is computationally expensive and requires careful parameter configuration [6]. GA has demonstrated exemplary performance when implemented in real-world problems, including optimizing CNN architecture with a transfer-learning strategy from parent networks [2], shortest path problem [9],optimizing ANN parameters [10], cryptoanalysis [11], community structure in complex networks [12], multi-objective in packing [13], scheduling [9], combinatorial configuration optimization [5], feature selection Ramdhani 2023 [14], intrution detection suhaimi [15]. There are at least five variants of genetic algorithms, namely real and binary-coded, multiobjective, parallel, chaotic, and hybrid GAs [8].…”