Determining Ground Reaction Forces Using a Pressure Distribution Measuring System (P156)

Kraus, A. E.; Odenwald, Stephan

doi:10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_13

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…This diVerence can be largely attributed to the diVerence in the method of force measurement. The Pedar pressure system, which was used Okner et al, has been found to underestimate force by 15-30% due to the low resolution of the pressure sensors (Barnett et al 2001;Kraus and Odenwald 2008). The smaller chinrest force may also be a consequence of using their own violin and chinrest in the Okner et al's experiment compared to the experimenter-provided violin and chinrest in the current study.…”

Section: Chin Force During Violin Performancementioning

confidence: 47%

Chin force in violin playing

Obata

Kinoshita

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Force generated between the left mandible of violinists and the chinrest of the violin was examined using a force-sensing chinrest developed in this study. A strain-gauge force sensor was built, and it was fixed between the violin's top plate and a chin cup. Fifteen professional/amateur violinists held the violin statically, played musical scales with different sound properties and sounding techniques, as well as an excerpt from a Max Bruch concerto. Peak and mean forces were evaluated for each task. In a separate experiment, lateral movement of the lower teeth due to different levels of voluntary chin force exertion was measured. Static holding forces observed were 15 and 22 N with and without the help of the left hand, respectively. Peak force increased from 16 N at soft dynamics to 20 N at strong dynamics during scales. The force further increased to 29 N with the use of vibrato technique and 35 N during shifts. Tempo and hand position did not affect the force. Playing a Bruch concerto induced a mean peak force of 52 N, ranging from 31 to 82 N among the violinists. The developed force-sensing chinrest could accurately record the generated chin force. Typical chin force to stabilize the violin during ordinary musical performance was less than 30 N, but it could momentarily exceed 50 N when technically demanding musical pieces were performed. The lateral shift of the mandible was fairly small (<0.4 mm) even with high chin-force exertion, possibly due to clenching of the molars.

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Section: Chin Force During Violin Performancementioning

confidence: 47%

Chin force in violin playing

Obata

Kinoshita

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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In-Shoe Pressure Measurement and Foot Orthosis Research

Spooner

Smith²,

Kirby

2010

JAPMA

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Foot orthoses are believed to exert their therapeutic effect on the human locomotor apparatus by altering the location, magnitude, and temporal patterns of ground reaction forces acting on the plantar foot during weightbearing activities. In-shoe pressure-measurement systems are increasingly being used by clinicians and researchers to assess kinetic changes at the foot-orthosis interface to better understand the function of foot orthoses and to derive more efficacious treatments for many painful foot and lower-extremity abnormalities. This article explores how the inherent three-dimensional surface topography and load-deformation characteristics of foot orthoses may challenge the validity, reliability, and clinical usefulness of the data obtained from in-shoe pressure-measurement systems in the context of foot orthotic therapy and research. The inability of in-shoe pressure-measurement systems to measure shearing forces beneath the foot, the required bending of the flat two-dimensional sensor insole to fit the pressure insole to the three-dimensional curves of the orthosis, the subsequent unbending of the sensor insole to display it on a computer monitor, and variations in the load-deformation characteristics of orthoses are all sources of potential error in examination of the kinetic effects of foot orthoses. Consequently, caution is required when interpreting the results of orthotic research that has used in-shoe pressure insole technology. The limitations of the technology should also be given due respect when in-shoe pressure measurement is used to make clinical decisions and prescribe custom foot orthoses for patients.

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Determining Ground Reaction Forces Using a Pressure Distribution Measuring System (P156)

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Chin force in violin playing

Chin force in violin playing

In-Shoe Pressure Measurement and Foot Orthosis Research

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