Determining of Cytokine Levels in the Urine in Clinical Practice

Abstract

The paper presents data on the study of the content of cytokines (IL-1β, RAIL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-, IFN-γ) in the morning urine using enzyme immunoassay in healthy individuals (n = 20) and in patients with acute glomerulonephritis (n = 93). The determination of cytokine levels in patients was carried out in the debut of the disease and 12 months after the onset of the disease. The obtained indicators of cytokine content in the urine are presented as absolute values in pg/ml and creatinine-normalized values calculated by the formula: cytokine level (pg/ml) / urine creatinine (µmol/ml). The study was made of changes in the content of cytokines in the urine of patients with glomerulonephritis with respect to a group of healthy individuals, as well as the dynamics of the content of cytokines in the urine during the 12-month observation period. The results of the study showed that the absolute values of cytokines in urine can distort the true picture of the cytokine profile of urine in renal pathology. Normalized values of the predominant number of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A and TNF-α) in patients with glomerulonephritis were significantly higher than the corresponding indicators of healthy individuals. The normalized values of cytokines were shown to be as more sensitive indicators than absolute values in the course of analyzing differences in the cytokine profile in patients with glomerulonephritis, depending on chronic and acute course of the disease. These indicators influenced the outcome of glomerulonephritis, assessed, as a rule, 12 months after the onset of the disease. Thus, the low levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-17А detected in the debut of the disease in combination with the high level of RAIL-1β determined the chronization of glomerulonephritis. So, the creatinine-normalized cytokine levels in the urine expand the possibilities of using the evaluation of the cytokine profile of urine to establish changes in the cytokine content in the urine in renal pathology and predict the chronization of glomerulonephritis.

Cytokines and progressive chronic kidney disease in children

“…Karzakova и соавт. (2019) [32], исследуя цитокиновый статус у больных с хроническим гломерулонефритом в зависимости от патоморфологического варианта, пришли к выводу, что наиболее значительный дисбаланс цитокинов в сыворотке крови характерен для больных с мембранопролиферативным гломерулонефритом. Авторы подчеркивают, что полученные данные свидетельствуют о наличии особенностей иммунопатогенеза различных вариантов хронического гломерулонефрита и дают основание для поиска новых путей лечения этого заболевания [32].…”

BOLALARDA SURUNKALI BUYRAK KASALLIGI RIVOJLANIShINING IMMUNPATOGENETIK XUSUSIYATLARI (adabiyotlar sharxi)

“…O'z navbatida ta'kidlash joiz, Karzakova L.M., va boshq., surunkali glomerulonefritning patomorfologik varianti bo'yicha sitokin holatini o'rganishlari natijasida qon zardobidagi sitokinlarning eng yuqori disbalansi membranoproliferativ glomerulonefrit bilan og'rigan bemorlarga xosdir degan xulosaga keldilar. Mualliflar olingan ma'lumotlar natijasida surunkali glomerulonefritning turli xil variantlarida o'ziga xos bo'lgan immunpatogenetik xususiyatlar mavjudligini va bu kasallikni davolashning yangicha, adekvat usullarini izlash uchun asos bo'lishini takidlashdi [33].…”