“…The role or contribution of each of these properties of the surface layer in improving the performance characteristics varies significantly depending on a number of factors, such as the mechanical properties of the material of the part, its geometry in the places of hardening (the presence of structural stress concentrators), the type, level and frequency of external variable loading, external conditions and operating temperature, the need for possible restoration during operation, etc. For example, in the hardening of high-strength steels and alloys operating at normal temperatures and under conditions of multicyclic fatigue, the main role in increasing the endurance limit is given to compressive residual stresses, as well as the thickness of the hardened layer (the depth of the rivet), and to a lesser extent the size of the rivet itself and the roughness of the surface [4,5]. For the same materials, but working in the field of multicyclic fatigue, in which local plastic deformation may appear in local places, leading to relaxation of residual compressive stresses, the role of rivet and roughness increases.…”