Determining the Cadmium Accumulation in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Soil Influenced by Phosphoric Fertilizers in Two Different Textured Soils

Abstract

Non-nutritive metals, especially cadmium (Cd), are present in P fertilizers; the long-term application of these P fertilizers leads to Cd build-up in the soil. The current study aims to evaluate the impacts of P sources and rates on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and the bioavailability of Cd. Twelve treatments including rock phosphate 4 g kg−1 (RP1); 8 g kg−1 (RP2); 12 g kg−1 (RP3)); single super phosphate 333 mg kg−1 (SSP1); 444 mg kg−1 (SSP2); 555 mg kg−1 (SSP3); di-ammonium phosphate 130 mg kg−1 (DAP1); 174 mg kg−1 (DAP2); 218 mg kg−1 (DAP3); mono-ammonium phosphate 115 mg kg−1 (MAP1); 154 mg kg−1 (MAP2); 193 mg kg−1 (MAP3) in two soil textures (sandy and clayey) were assessed. Results revealed that all P sources significantly influenced the plant growth and yield characteristics of maize (p ≤ 0.05). In both soil textures, P in soil and plant, plant growth and yield characteristics were maximized by MAP and DAP. Cadmium build-up in soil and uptake was also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by P sources, levels, and soil texture. It was observed that Cd build-up in soil and uptake by plants boosted with increasing P levels. Maximum Cd concentration in plant root and shoot was found with SSP3, and its concentration in soil increased with MAP3, whereas the concentration was higher in sandy texture. The study concludes that type of P fertilizer should be determined based on texture and human consumption of the crop to avoid Cd toxicity.

Effect of Phosphorus Application on Eggplant Cadmium Accumulation and Soil Cadmium Morphology

“…Among the various P fertilizer types, DAP and DCP application had the most pronounced impact on enhancing biomass in all plant parts, while SSP and MAP had a lesser effect (Figure 1). P plays a crucial role in multiple metabolic processes and promotes the growth of plant biomass [31]. Liu et al [32] reported that the combination of biochar and a high concentration of phosphate fertilizer not only increased pasture biomass but also reduced Cd concentration, ensuring pasture safety standards.…”

Geopolitical deadlock and phosphate shortfall behind the price hike? Evidence from Moroccan commodity markets

“…Wheat, used mainly for further processing, ranks among essential agricultural commodities on the global market. However, its production suffers from the limited availability of phosphorus, which disappears due to resource depletion from the fertile ground (Majeed et al 2018;Suleman et al 2022). Wheat is also a vital nutrient whose lack leads to prolonged starvation of local consumers in many global regions (Yazbeck et al 2022).…”