Determining the coating speed limitations for organic photovoltaic inks

Jakubka, Florian; Heyder, Madeleine; Machui, Florian; Kaschta, Joachim; Eggerath, Daniel; Lövenich, Wilfried; Krebs, Frederik C.; Brabec, Christoph J.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.10.007

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This same trend was observed for the alkylation of pyrido [2,3,4,5-lmn ]phenanthridine under basic conditions. [ 24 ] Owing to the different functional groups, M1 and M2 can be easily separated on a chromatographic column or purifi ed by recrystallization.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201502094supporting

confidence: 80%

“…The highest performances, 6.11% in air and 7.15% under a nitrogen atmosphere, were reported by Tsai et al and Hoppe et al, respectively. [ 4,[36][37][38] Our results could be partly explained by a change in the nanomorphology of P3 :PC 61 BM BHJ with the addition of DPE, as shown in AFM images ( Figure S17, Supporting Information). Indeed, without an additive, relatively large domains (200-300 nm) were observed, indicating weak charge generation and transport.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201502094mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[ 4,[33][34][35] In this context, blends of P3 :PC 61 BM were spincoated in air from o -xylene solutions. Figure S15 (Supporting Information) shows the J-V curves with and without the use of diphenyl ether (DPE) as an additive.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201502094mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1 ] However, before envisioning their large-scale production and commercialization, the synergetic combination of four crucial factors must be considered: high performance, good stability, low cost, and environmentally-benign fabrication. [1][2][3][4] In terms of processing, many deposition methods exist, including spin coating and doctor-blade coating. The latter has the advantage of using very small amounts of materials and is compatible with large scale roll-to-roll processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

New Processable Phenanthridinone‐Based Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications

Guérette

Najari

Maltais

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

anionic form under the alkylation conditions. This same trend was observed for the alkylation of pyrido [2,3,4,5-lmn ]phenanthridine under basic conditions. [ 24 ] Owing to the different functional groups, M1 and M2 can be easily separated on a chromatographic column or purifi ed by recrystallization. To obtain low band gap and processable materials, these monomers were copolymerized with 2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-di(thien-2-yl)pyrrolo [3,4-c ]pyrrole-1,4-dione ( M3 ) (see the Supporting Information). [ 25 ] The polymerization reactions are also described in Scheme 1 . Two alternating copolymers ( P1 and P2 ) and one random terpolymer ( P3 ) were synthesized via simple direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) (see the Supporting Information), a "greener" method which has rapidly developed in recent years. [26][27][28] The advantages of DHAP are manifold, and include a reduction in the number of reaction steps and the elimination of toxic organometallic by-products. The polymerization conditions utilized here are based on a recent report which has shown a high selectivity between aryl-bromide and non-substituted thiophene units. [ 29 ] Suzuki cross-coupling polymerization reactions were also performed for comparison purposes (see the Supporting Information). All polymers are soluble in common chlorinated solvents, such as chloroform (CF) and o -dichlorobenzene (ODCB), as well as chlorine-free solvents such as o -xylene. Interestingly, it has been noted that P2 ( M n = 60 kDa, PDI = 4.0) always afforded higher molecular weights than P1 ( M n = 43 kDa, PDI = 4.0). This could be explained by the greater solubility of P2 . Finally, a terpolymer P3 was obtained by copolymerizing the resulting 35:65 mixture of M1 and M2 with one equivalent of M3 . With a high ratio (65%) of monomer M2 into the structure of the random terpolymer P3 , this polymer ( M n = 57 kDa, PDI = 2.9) displays a good solubility in common solvents. The electrochemical properties of the polymers were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and are reported in Figure 1 b and Table S1 (Supporting Information). The occupied and unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/ LUMO) levels of P1 , P2 , and P3 are −5.48/−3.93, −5.46/−3.95, and −5.43/−3.92 eV, respectively, which indicate good stability in air and similar electronic properties between polymers. As reported in Figure 1 , the pristine green polymers ( P1 , P2 , and P3 ) exhibit broad UV-vis absorption spectra with an optical band gap ( E g opt ) of 1.64-1.65 eV, which is in agreement with the measured electrochemical band gap ( E g elect = 1.51-1.55 eV). Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that all polymers are stable up to 400 °C ( Figure S11, Supporting Information). Also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicate that all these non-symmetric polymers are amorphous, as no glass transition temperature is observed between 25 and 250 °C. The DSC results are corroborated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements (see the Supporting Information).Organic solar cells (OSC) have attrac...

show abstract

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201502094supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201502094mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Doi: 101002/aenm201502094mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New Processable Phenanthridinone‐Based Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications

Guérette

Najari

Maltais

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Until now, relatively few works developed toward the target of commercialization because of the performance reduction of PSCs devices fabricated by large-area process. There have existed several coating or printable processes used for large-area PSC fabrication, such as spray coating [3,4], ink-jet printing [5,6] and roll-to-roll (R2R) processes, doctor-blade coating [7], screen printing [8] and slot-die coating [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Among these processes, slot-die coating is the most potential candidate for the large-area and solution-processed process toward commercialization currently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%