“…The essay concludes with implications for theory and practice. : 1993-2010 A growing body of empirical research has emerged in recent years that examines the relationship between shareholder wealth and stakeholder influence tactics such as boycotts (Pruitt & Friedman, 1986;King, 2008), protests (Epstein & Schnietz, 2002;King & Soule, 2007), letter-writing campaigns (Smith & Cooper-Martin, 1997), divestitures (Davidson, Worrell, & El-Jelly, 1995), and shareholder (proxy) resolutions (Reid & Toffel, 2009;Doh, Howton, Howton, & Siegel, 2010). Yet scholars have devoted scarce attention to empirically measuring the stock market's reaction to stakeholder-initiated civil lawsuits.…”