Determining the Effectiveness of Street Cleaning with the Use of Decision Analysis and Research on the Reduction in Chloride in Waste

Abstract

Waste from street cleaning is usually of a fine fraction below 10 mm and varies greatly in both quantity and composition. It may be composed of chlorides, especially for that resulting during winter due to the use of street de-icing agents. Chlorides can cause the salinization of surface water and groundwater, and the salinization of soils, which in turn lead to the deterioration of water purity and a decrease in biodiversity of aquatic organisms, changes in microbiological structure, and increases in toxicity of metals. Therefore, it is very important to determine the level of salinity in stored waste and its impact on the environment. The present study was conducted in a city of about 55,000 inhabitants. The highest chloride concentrations were observed after winter in waste from street and sidewalk cleaning around the sewer gullies, amounting to 1468 mg/dm3. The lowest chloride concentration in this waste occurred in summer and amounted to 35 mg/dm3. The multi-criteria analysis indicated that the most beneficial form of street cleaning and, thus, of reductions in chloride concentration in the waste from street cleaning, would be sweeping and daily washing. The objective of this research was to determine the amount of chlorides in sweepings on an annual basis in order to determine the potential risks associated with their impact on select aspects of the environment and to evaluate the frequency of necessary cleaning for city streets, considering the effects. The methodology used was a multi-criteria evaluation, which as a decision analysis, allowed us to determine the frequency of cleaning and washing of streets, in such a way that an ecological effect is achieved with simultaneous economic efficiency.

Artificial Intelligence Methods for Analysis and Optimization of CHP Cogeneration Units Based on Landfill Biogas as a Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency and Limiting Climate Change

“…Once a layer has been laid, a compactor is used to compact the waste. The thickness of one layer after compaction does not exceed 1.8 m. Once a layer of compacted waste has been formed, a transfer layer measuring about 0.20-0.30 m and made of inert materials is also created [33,34].…”

Balance and Energy Use of Biogas in Poland: Prospects and Directions of Development for the Circular Economy

“…The balance of biowaste obtainable from the stream of collected municipal waste was estimated on the basis of statistical data [19,30,33], reports [25,27] and literature [34,35,37,38]. Currently, a significant part of biowaste still ends up in mixed municipal waste, but over time, along with the improvement of selective collection, the stream of biowaste collected selectively will be augmented [39]. Considering the fact that in 2021, 1824.3 thousand Mg of municipal waste was collected and transferred to biological treatment processes (composting and/or fermentation), which constitutes 13% of the entire collected stream of municipal waste, the estimation assumes that the level of collection of this waste will increase to 20%.…”

Application of Mesoporous Silicas for Adsorption of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Rainwater

“…Rainwater flowing into the sewage system can end up in rivers and lakes, introducing pollutants into them and disrupting natural ecosystem processes. This phenomenon may lead to the deterioration of water quality and a threat to aquatic fauna and flora [ 3 , 4 ]. Sources of pollution from roads and traffic include road surface abrasion (10,000 kg/km per year); tire abrasion (0.12 kg/km per 1000 vehicles per year); brake pad abrasion (15 kg per 106 vehicles per kilometre); organic substances such as fuel, transmission oil, grease, brake fluid, and antifreeze (mainly from droplet losses from vehicles); and corrosion products [ 5 ].…”