Determining the Epicenter of a Future Short-Focus Earthquake Tens of Hours before Earthquake and Reducing the Magnitude of an Impending Catastrophic Earthquake

Abstract

The article describes a project proposed to determine the epicenter of a future short-focus earthquake tens of hours before and to reduce the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake. It focuses on developing a physical model to determine the conditions necessary for the start of an earthquake, for a method based on the registration of flows of mercury vapor in the gas rising from the Earth. This model gives an explanation of why an earthquake precursor appears so early (such a long period of time can range from a few to hundreds of hours). Normally, the characteristic times of an earthquake precursor for seismic methods are tens of seconds. The project is based on the physical and mathematical models of an earthquake. The derived formula for the time of the precursor of a future earthquake allows us to explain and to describe the time increase for the precursor, depending on the magnitude of the earthquake. The method of reducing the magnitude of an impending catastrophic earthquake is based on the proposed physical model of the onset of an earthquake and is implemented by the action of a vibration source in the region of the detected earthquake epicenter. The proposed system should save citizens, lives from future short-focus earthquakes.

The Chemical Channel of Earthquake Reactions and Decrease in the Magnitude of Earthquakes

“…Using Formulas (7)-(9) from [6], we write the following Formulas 10 Therefore, we write an approximate formula for lg(T/h) and T(s) Thus, log(T/h) weakly depends on the magnitude of M and is mainly determined by the reaction rate constant k and the difference in initial concentrations in accordance with (12).…”

“…It is possible that future studies may indicate other exothermic reactions that determine the conditions of ignition of the chemical reaction in the centers of earthquakes. When the pressure passes the boundary value of the upper limit of self-ignition, the first necessary condition for an earthquake is realized [6].…”

“…a) A patent is proposed for a new device [6] [7] for recording the information about earthquake precursors using mercury measurements as an extremely strong and sensitive forerunner occurring tens of hours before an earthquake.…”

“…Thus, the first necessary condition for the onset of an earthquake is the need for an explosive gas to enter an explosive zone in which an explosion can occur, which will lead to an earthquake (M.G. Noppe [6] [7]). The physical diffusion mechanism was described in the cited articles, a formula was derived for the dependence of the precursor time on the magnitude of the earthquake, which gave an explanation only for a certain number of earthquakes (see figure 3(a) from the article by Yu.…”

“…sented and interpreted on the basis of the developed ideas in this article and in articles[6] [7]. 1)Figure 5presents experimental measurements of the precursor time and the magnitude of earthquakes[5].…”