Determining the frequency, depth and velocity of preferential flow by high frequency soil moisture monitoring

Hardie, M; Lisson, S; Doyle, RB; Cotching, WE

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.10.008

Cited by 60 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In natural soils, preferential flow is also reported to occur when initial soil water content is in a range below a critical soil water threshold (Doerr & Thomas, ; Hardie et al . , ; Hardie, Lisson, Doyle, & Cotching, ; Merdun, Meral, & Demirkiran, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arrival time of wetting ( t w ) is identified when the sensor detects a first distinct increase in medium water content, considered as exceeding a threshold of 0.002 cm 3 /cm 3 on the basis of the initial water content θ 0 following an applied inflow:

θ_{tw} - θ_{0} > 0.002 {cm}^{3} {true/ cm}^{3},

where θ tw is the medium water content corresponding to t w . The threshold was determined after referring to various studies (Blume, Zehe, & Bronstert, ; Germann & Hensel, ; Hardie, Lisson, Doyle, & Cotching, ; Lin & Zhou, ). In these studies, 0.002 cm 3 /cm 3 was taken as the threshold for sensor accuracies ranging from 0.009 to 0.04 cm 3 /cm 3 , compared to the sensor accuracy of 0.03 cm 3 /cm 3 reported in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling

Liu

Fassman‐Beck

2016

Hydrological Processes

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The hydrologic response of engineered media plays an important role in determining a stormwater control measure's ability to reduce runoff volume, flow rate, timing, and pollutant loads. Five engineered media, typical of living roof and bioretention stormwater control measures, were investigated in laboratory column experiments for their hydrologic responses to steady, large inflow rates. The inflow, medium water content response, and outflow were all measured. The water flow mechanism (uniform flow vs. preferential flow) was investigated by analyzing medium water content response in terms of timing, magnitude, and sequence with depth. Modeling the hydrologic process was conducted in the HYDRUS‐1D software, applying the Richards equation for uniform flow modeling, and a mobile–immobile model for preferential flow modeling. Uniform flow existed in most cases, including all initially dry living roof media with bimodal pore size distributions and one bioretention medium with unimodal pore size distribution. The Richards equation can predict the outflow hydrograph reasonably well for uniform flow conditions when medium hydraulic properties are adequately represented by appropriate functions. Preferential flow was found in two media with bimodal pore size distributions. The occurrence of preferential flow is more likely due to the interaction between the bimodal pore structure and the initial water content rather than the large inflow rate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

θ_{tw} - θ_{0} > 0.002 {cm}^{3} {true/ cm}^{3},

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling

Liu

Fassman‐Beck

2016

Hydrological Processes

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“…4a). This phenomenon has been used by many scholars as an evidence to judge whether preferential flow occurs in the soil (Uchida et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2007;Hardie et al, 2013). Such phenomenon can probably be attributed to two reasons.…”

Section: Soil Moisture Response To Rainfall In Forest Land Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If considered as per common rainfall infiltration rules, then the downward movement speed of wetting front would be 3000 mm/h, and this was remarkably higher than the known saturated hydraulic conductivity of most soils. In addition, according to previous researches, this wetting front moving speed, 10 times of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, is usually considered as a threshold for judging the occurrence of preferential flow (Zhou et al, 2002;Hardie et al, 2013). Therefore, it may be reckoned that the fast response of deep soil in the forestland resulted from the preferential flow.…”

Section: Soil Moisture Response To Rainfall In Forest Land Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil moisture response to rainfall in forestland and vegetable plot in Taihu Lake Basin, China

Zhu

Zheng

et al. 2014

Chin. Geogr. Sci.

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Soil moisture and its spatial pattern are important for understanding various hydrological, pedological, ecological and agricultural processes. In this study, data of rainfall and soil moisture contents at different depths (10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm) in forestland and vegetable plot in the Taihu Lake Basin, China were monitored and analyzed for characteristics of soil moisture variation and its response to several typical rainfall events. The following results were observed. First, great temporal variation of soil moisture was observed in the surface layer than in deeper layer in vegetable plot. In contrast, in forestland, soil moisture had similar variation pattern at different depths. Second, initial soil moisture was an important factor influencing the vertical movement of soil water during rainfall events. In vegetable plot, simultaneous response of soil moisture to rainfall was observed at 10-and 20-cm depths due to fast infiltration when initial soil was relatively dry. However, traditional downward response order occurred when initial soil was relatively wet. Third, critical soil horizon interface was an active zone of soil water accumulation and lateral movement. A less permeable W-B soil horizon interface (40-cm depth) in vegetable plot can create perched water table above it and elevate the soil water content at the corresponding depth. Fourth, the land cover was an effective control factor of soil moisture during small and moderate rainfall events. In the forestland, moderate and small rainfall events had tiny influences on soil moisture due to canopy and surface O horizon interception. Fifth, preferential flow and lateral subsurface interflow were important paths of soil water movement. During large and long duration rainfall events, lateral subsurface flow and preferential flow through surface crack or soil pipe occurred, which recharged the deep soil. However, in more concentrated large storm, surface crack or soil pipe connected by soil macropores was the main contributor to the occurrence of preferential flow. Findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for sustainable water and fertilizer management and land use planning in the Taihu Lake Basin.

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“…In situ infiltration and hydraulic conductivity were determined using tension infiltrometers at six supply potentials when the initial soil moisture content was very dry and near field capacity for each of the A1, A2, B21, and B22 horizons (Reynolds and Elrick, 1991; McKenzie et al, 2002a; Hardie et al, 2012d). Soil moisture response to rainfall was monitored during a 21‐mo period using a continuously logging, access‐tube‐mounted capacitance probe, in which the occurrence of preferential flow was indicated by nonsequential soil moisture response with depth (bypass flow) or wetting front velocities 10 times greater than the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (Hardie et al, 2013a). Potential water repellence (air‐dried aggregates) was monitored during a 12‐mo period by the water drop penetration time (WDPT) and water‐entry potential (WEP) techniques (Hardie et al, 2012c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydropedology and Preferential Flow in the Tasmanian Texture‐Contrast Soils

Hardie

Doyle

Cotching

et al. 2013

Vadose Zone Journal

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The two‐way interaction between soil morphology and the processes governing soil water movement were investigated for a range of texture‐contrast soil profiles. The texture‐contrast soils consisted of a seasonally water‐repellent sandy loam A1 horizon over a bleached silica‐cemented A2e horizon and a mottled vertic clay subsoil. Differences in soil morphology and structure among sites had little influence on the proportion of soil that participated in infiltration or the maximum depth of infiltration; however, differences in subsoil structure influenced the processes by which water infiltrated and was stored within the B2 horizons. The occurrence of preferential flow was largely controlled by the effects of antecedent soil moisture content on water repellence in the A1 horizon, silica bridging in the A2e horizon, and clay shrinkage in the B2 horizons. Under dry soil conditions, infiltration resulted from up to five different forms of preferential flow. When soils were near field capacity, most forms of preferential flow ceased; however, wetting front instability and lateral flow developed in the A1 horizon. Preferential flows are not thought to have contributed to the pedogenesis of the texture‐contrast soils. Development of the contrasting soil texture horizons, sand infills, and bleached A2e horizons developed before and independently of the observed preferential flow processes in which reworked aeolian sands buried previously developed clay columns.

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Determining the frequency, depth and velocity of preferential flow by high frequency soil moisture monitoring

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling

Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling

Soil moisture response to rainfall in forestland and vegetable plot in Taihu Lake Basin, China

Hydropedology and Preferential Flow in the Tasmanian Texture‐Contrast Soils

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