Abstract17 Ascidians are important both as invasive species and as a fouling group in artificial marine 18 habitats, causing negative impacts in aquaculture settings and the surrounding 19 environment. The Ebro Delta is one of the major centres of bivalve production in the 20 Mediterranean and is affected by proliferation of ascidian species (mostly introduced 21 forms). Knowledge of the patterns of settlement and growth of the fouling species is 22 mandatory to attempt mitigation measures. We deployed settlement PVC plates from May 23 to September 2015 at different depths (0.2, 1 and 2 m) in the Ebro Delta oyster 24 aquaculture facilities. We then monitored the occurrences of all species and the area cover 25 of a selected subset of 6 species on a monthly basis from June 2015 to December 2016. 26 We found 15 species, of which 10 are introduced. There were some differences between 27 our plates and the oyster ropes in species abundance and composition, likely due to 28 differences in substrate complexity. For instance, Didemnum vexillum and Clavelina 29 oblonga occurred in few plates in contrast to their abundance on oysters. The most 30 abundant species were Styela plicata and Clavelina lepadiformis, which together with 31 Ecteinascidia turbinata showed a preference to grow on plates deployed in May and June. 32 Most of the species grew more at 0.2 m depth than at deeper plates. Thus, to minimise 33 fouling on bivalves, we propose spat immersion during fall and below 1 m depth. We also 34 found that number of occurrences and cover of the species are similarly informative; we 35 suggest that a periodic monitoring of species occurrence on replicate plates is sufficient for 36 detecting new introduced species as soon as possible and will provide information useful 37 for management.