Determining the number of test fires needed to represent the variability present within 9 mm Luger firearms

Law, Eric F.; Morris, Keith B.; Jelsema, Casey

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.04.019

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some specimens may be unsuitable for examination, as prescreening is unfeasible, but potential unsuitability of specimens is mitigated by providing a pair of K specimens. Two K specimens may not fully represent the stochastic variability in firing from the same firearm [ 137 ], but practical considerations preclude providing additional specimens in a large study. Neither the firearms nor barrel casts will be provided, which might limit the ability of examiners to diagnose subclass characteristics.…”

Section: Prospective Planning: Overall Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning, design and logistics of a decision analysis study: The FBI/Ames study involving forensic firearms examiners

Monson¹,

Smith²,

Bajic

2022

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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Section: Prospective Planning: Overall Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning, design and logistics of a decision analysis study: The FBI/Ames study involving forensic firearms examiners

Monson¹,

Smith²,

Bajic

2022

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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“…10 One participating laboratory estimated that in 90 per cent of cases, criminals use a single brand of ammunition in a shooting. 11 For instance, recent research recommends entering between five and seven spent cartridges per firearm [20,21]. 12 Examples of crimes falling under the 'other acts' category includes terrorism, gunshot discharge, poaching, and threats.…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that the majority of cartridges in the dataset are linked with cases of violent crime is also consistent with other sources. 20 An important question is whether the profile of ammunition changes according to the type of crime involved. More specifically, do the most prominent calibers for the full dataset-9 mm Luger and 7,65 mm Browning-also dominate all the main crime categories?…”

Section: By Crime Categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring illicit ammunition through the ballistic datasets of four European countries

Desmarais

Fabre

Jongleux

et al. 2022

Forensic Science International

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Few countries systematically record and publish detailed information on the types, caliber, and makes of ammunition recovered by law enforcement. This results in a lack of knowledge of the ammunition used in crime, including in the European context. This pilot study examines the utility of ballistic datasets for monitoring illicit ammunition. The ballistic laboratories of four European countries-Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland-provided access to non-confidential subsets of their national databases, including the caliber of recovered cartridge cases as well as the year and type of incident in which they were used. The laboratories also shared images of the ammunition headstamp markings, which helped determine each cartridge case's manufacturer and-when known-year of production. The resulting dataset covers 3130 cartridge cases documented by the participating laboratories between 2015 and the first quarter of 2020. Although limited in scope-the research team did not have access to geocoded data so spatial comparisons were limited to the country level-the dataset helps generate a baseline of the main varieties of ammunition used in crime, by country and crime category, and over time.Most of the ammunition (61 per cent) was recovered in the context of violent types of crime-homicides and assaults-for which pistol ammunition calibers were the most prominent. 610 unique headstamps were recorded, but only a small proportion of these varieties of ammunition accounted for most of the cases. All four country datasets included both foreign-made ammunition as well as cartridges produced domestically. The year of manufacture could be identified for 28 per cent of the cartridges, and at least 27 pieces of ammunition were produced in the same year that the criminal incident took place, which suggests recent diversion from licit holdings. The dataset revealed additional trends such as the criminal use of blank ammunition in all four case studies, as well as the relatively new prevalence of the 7,62 × 39 caliber-which is typically used with AK-pattern rifles-in one country. In addition to shedding new light on the types of ammunition used in crime in the European context, monitoring illicit ammunition across space and over time has the potential to support police investigations with intelligence on criminals' sources of supply.

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“… 5 In Zhang & Luo [ 17 ], 3070 test fires were produced from a total of 5 firearms. In Law et al [ 18 ], 100 test fires were produced from each of 30 firearms. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic comparison of fired cartridge cases: Feature-extraction methods for feature-based calculation of likelihood ratios

Basu

Bolton-King

Morrison

2022

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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Determining the number of test fires needed to represent the variability present within 9 mm Luger firearms

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Planning, design and logistics of a decision analysis study: The FBI/Ames study involving forensic firearms examiners

Planning, design and logistics of a decision analysis study: The FBI/Ames study involving forensic firearms examiners

Monitoring illicit ammunition through the ballistic datasets of four European countries

Forensic comparison of fired cartridge cases: Feature-extraction methods for feature-based calculation of likelihood ratios

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