Determining the Optimal Location and Number of Voltage Dip Monitoring Devices Using the Binary Bat Algorithm

Abstract

Voltage dips represent a significant power quality problem. The main cause of voltage dips and short-term interruptions is an electrical short circuit that occurs in transmission or distribution networks. Faults in the power system are stochastic by nature and the main cause of voltage dips. As faults in the transmission system can affect more customers than faults in the distribution system, to reduce the number of dips, it is not enough to invest in a small part of the transmission or distribution system. Only targeted investment in the whole (or a large part of the) power system will reduce voltage dips. Therefore, monitoring parts of the power system is very important. The ideal solution would be to cover the entire system so that a power quality (PQ) monitor is installed on each bus, but this method is not economically justified. This paper presents an advanced method for determining the optimal location and the optimal number of voltage dip measuring devices. The proposed algorithm uses a monitor reach area matrix created by short-circuit simulations, and the coefficient of the exposed area. Single-phase and three-phase short circuits are simulated in DIgSILENT software on the IEEE 39 bus test system, using international standard IEC 60909. After determining the monitor reach area matrix of all potential monitor positions, the binary bat algorithm with a coefficient of the exposed area of the system bus is used to minimize the proposed objective function, i.e., to determine the optimal location and number of measuring devices. Performance of the binary bat algorithm is compared to the mixed-integer linear programming algorithm solved by using the GNU Linear Programming Kit (GLPK).

A method for determining the location and type of fault in transmission network using neural networks and power quality monitors

“…In our research in [14], we applied the binary bat algorithm to identify the most suitable sites for placing voltage dip measuring devices and to determine the optimal number of such devices required to achieve maximum coverage at a minimal cost. It means that there are sufficient (optimally placed) voltage dip monitors to record every voltage dip in the test system due to any fault occurring anywhere in the test system.…”

“…The research results in [14], the optimal number and placement of voltage dip monitors, gave us an idea and possibility for the next step: determining the location of the fault based on recorded voltage dips [15]. In [15], fault-affected lines were classified using the decision tree algorithm, giving accurate results.…”

Optimized Placement of Voltage Sag Monitors Considering Distributed Generation Dominated Grids and Customer Demands

“…Lines or nodes with different risk levels are represented by different colored areas according to the following division rules. The total number of occurrences of lines or nodes in all exposed areas can be divided into four intervals representing four different SRL: (0, 7), (Du et al, 2021;Šipoš et al, 2021), (Zhang et al, 2019;Kumar et al, 2020a), and (24, 30). For example, the number of times a line appears in the exposed area of different nodes in the system at the same time is 10, 10 ∈ [8, 16 ], so the SRL of the line is 2.…”

Optimal placement of STATCOM using a reduced computational burden by minimum number of monitoring units based on area of vulnerability

“…These researches follow various objectives including reducing the number of voltage sags and power loss, or increasing power transmission capacity [1][2][3]. To improve the aforementioned items, equipment such as static compensator (STATCOM) [2][3][4][5], static VAR compensator (SVC) [6], and dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) [7] can be used.…”

“…In [7], the fault position method is used to apply the fault, but only for the three-phase fault. In [10], while all fault types can be applied, the accuracy has been slightly reduced.…”