Determining the Prevalence of Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Infections’ Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile for Adult Patients in Al-Diwaniya, Iraq (Conference Paper) #

Alfetlawi, Bashar; Jasim, Ali L.

doi:10.31351/vol31isssuppl.pp86-91

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This finding is concordant with several previously conducted studies in Iraq and Iran (Naqid et al, 2020, Vakilzadeh et al, 2020, Ibrahim et al, 2021, Alfetlawi and Jasim, 2022. This can be justified by an increased number of women being susceptibility to UTIs due to several factors including basic anatomy of shorter urethra, hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle, and genetic factors (Alfetlawi and Jasim, 2022). Catheterization was a HCA-APN risk factor when compared to CA-APN (P of < 0.01,OR 15.38,) and remained a potential risk factor in the multivariate analysis (P of 0.01, OR 8.52) (95 % CI 1.68-43.03).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the present study, the frequency APN was higher among females, with 38 (90.5%) of CA-APN and 43 (78.2%) of HCA-APN cases occurring in female patients. This finding is concordant with several previously conducted studies in Iraq and Iran (Naqid et al, 2020, Vakilzadeh et al, 2020, Ibrahim et al, 2021, Alfetlawi and Jasim, 2022. This can be justified by an increased number of women being susceptibility to UTIs due to several factors including basic anatomy of shorter urethra, hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle, and genetic factors (Alfetlawi and Jasim, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Clinico-demographic and microbiological profile of acute pyelonephritis in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan

Taha,

Abd,

Abdulkareem

et al. 2023

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res.

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The aims of this study were to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of community associated acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) or healthcare associated APN (HCA-APN), to determine risk factors linked with APN, and to identify the microbiological profile and its susceptibility patterns to antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2022 at the nephrology unit of Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan. Urine and blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with APN. These samples were investigated to identify the microbiologic profile of the infecting organisms and determine their antibiotic susceptibility results. From a total of 97 adult and elderly APN patients, 55 (56.7%) were classified as HCA-APN, while 42 (43.3%) were classified as CA-APN. In the univariate analysis, age ≥ 65, catheterization, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurologic disease, chronic pulmonary disease, PCT level, and ANC were identified as significant risk factors for HCA-APN compared to CA-APN. Patients with catheterization and CVD history showed independent association in the multivariate analysis. The overall mortality rate was 11.3%, which was significantly associated with HCA-APN (P = 0.002). Considering the microbiological profile, Escherichia coli uropathogen (n=61) was the predominant isolated bacteria followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=17). High antibiotic resistance rates were observed in fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporin classes among E. coli uropathogen in both CA-APN and HCA-APN patients, with a rate of 74.5 % and 63.9%, respectively. In conclusion, there is an increase in mortality rate regarding HCA-APN. The HCA-APN characteristics should be considered when prescribing empiric antibiotics. In our local setting, carbapenems are effective empiric therapies against enterobacteraceae uropathogens, for both HCA-APN and CA-APN. In order to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, implementing surveillance systems, infection prevention and control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship programs within our healthcare setting is crucial. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2023, 9 (3), 59-69

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinico-demographic and microbiological profile of acute pyelonephritis in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan

Taha,

Abd,

Abdulkareem

et al. 2023

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res.

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“…The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in the field of epidemiology and the spread of numerous contagious infections, both in hospital and outpatient settings. AMR is a silent epidemic that gathered strength through the pandemic [ 18 ]. Many studies have analyzed the effect of the pandemic on AMR in the setting of UTI [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AMR is a silent epidemic that gathered strength through the pandemic [ 18 ]. Many studies have analyzed the effect of the pandemic on AMR in the setting of UTI [ 18 ]. The reason behind this is multifactorial and is chiefly interconnected with the large amounts of antimicrobial agent consumption for prophylactic management or treatment of co- or secondary infections in COVID-19 patients [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Bacterial Profile With Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among the Community and Hospitalized Patients During COVID Waves

Shawkat,

Yassin

2024

Cureus

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Background and objective Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infectious disease affecting people of various ages and genders and are prevalent in different geographical locations. However, the way Gram-positive and Gram-negative (UTI) germs react to antibiotic treatment varies significantly. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the frequency of secondary bacterial superinfection, leading to a spike in ongoing recommendations for antibiotic treatment, both therapeutic and preventative. In this study, we aimed to assess uropathogenic bacterial resistance and shed light on how COVID-19 epidemic waves influence the evolution of bacterial resistance. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, assessing the different isolates of the uropathogen in all COVID-19 waves by using convenience sampling from August 2020 till the end of 2023. The VITEK-2 compact system employing industry-standard bacteriological tests to identify the bacteria and confirm their antibiotic susceptibility was utilized. Results Of the total 3877 patients, 381 (9.8%) and 3483 (89.8%) had positive and negative microbial growth, respectively. Of the 381 (9.8%) positive cases, 130 (34%) were male and 251 (65%) were female; 138 (43.3%) patients in the age range of 15-40 years developed sporadic UTIs attributed to Gram-negative bacteria. Alternatively, patients over 40 years had the highest prevalence rate (n = 180, 56.6%). The most common strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with 278 (88.8%) and 13 (20.9%) cases respectively. People with Gram-negative bacteria who were not hospitalized were very resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 219, 69.1%), cefotaxime (n = 193, 60.9%), ampicillin (n = 192, 60.6%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (176, 55.5%). While high sensitivity to meropenem (n = 14, 4.4%) and imipenem (n = 13, 4.1%) was observed, hospitalized individuals had higher levels of resistance and great sensitivity to the same antibiotics. S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (E . faecalis) were commonly present. Hospitalized patients were less sensitive to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, and oxacillin, and there was a big rise in resistance to cefoxitin in the community. Conclusions In this study, Gram-negative germs among females were predominantly observed with extremely high multi-drug resistance (MDR). The most effective antibiotics against Gram-positive germs included linezolid, vancomycin, and nitrofurantin, while those against Gram-negative bacteria were meropenem and amikacin. Clinicians should be regularly updated and informed about antibiotic selection through routine monitoring of uropathogenic bacteria's susceptibility. Moreover, we recommend changes to the local antibiotic policy regarding the selection of UTIs; ...

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“…Also, , another study showed that Staphylococcus spp. are the most common gram-positive pathogens causing UTIs [21] .…”

Section: Figure (4): Bacterial Isolates Of Uti In Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Infections in Urinary Tract among Pregnant Women in Nassiriyah City, Iraq

Mousa,

Abd Al-Amir

2023

UTJsci

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Abstract—Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common medical complication in pregnant women .It is associated with severe consequences for both the fetus and the mother. This study designed to detect the frequency of microorganisms causing UTI in pregnancy women. One hundred and twenty participants of pregnancy women included in this study. Urine samples were collected from each participant and cultured on blood and MacConkey agars ,followed by macro and microscopic identification and biochemical tests. API 20E and API Staph compact systems were used as a confirmatory tests . The results showed that the ratio of positive urine culture was 53 (44.2% ) , and the highest positive urine cultures were detected in the second trimester 23/53 (43.3%). Also, gram positive bacteria particularly Staphyiococcusspp were the most common frequency (60.2 %) in this study , and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common microorganism isolated from pregnancy women with UTIs followed by Escherichia coli (19%) . UTI is a major health problem among pregnant women especially during the last two trimesters of pregnancy. Staphylococcus aureus is the dominant pathogen nowadays causing UTIs in different trimesters.

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Determining the Prevalence of Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Infections’ Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile for Adult Patients in Al-Diwaniya, Iraq (Conference Paper) #

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Clinico-demographic and microbiological profile of acute pyelonephritis in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan

Clinico-demographic and microbiological profile of acute pyelonephritis in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Bacterial Profile With Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among the Community and Hospitalized Patients During COVID Waves

Bacterial Infections in Urinary Tract among Pregnant Women in Nassiriyah City, Iraq

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