Determining the worldwide prevalence of obesity

Reilly, John J.; Elhamdouchi, Asmaa; Diouf, Adama; Monyeki, M.A.; Somda, Serge

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30794-3

Cited by 149 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There are no directly comparable studies in African children, or using the WHO-recommended definition based on BMI, but in non-African populations biases have been reported for other BMI-based definitions of obesity 9 , 10 The present study adds to previous studies suggesting that underestimation of excessive fatness by BMI-for-age criteria is likely to be a global cause for concern 19 , 20 . Our study shows that a high proportion of African children with apparently healthy BMI-for-age have excessive body fatness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Body mass index vs deuterium dilution method for establishing childhood obesity prevalence, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and United Republic of Tanzania

Diouf

Adom

A³

et al. 2018

Bull. World Health Organ.

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ObjectiveTo compare the World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI)-for-age definition of obesity against measured body fatness in African children.MethodsIn a prospective multicentre study over 2013 to 2017, we recruited 1516 participants aged 8 to 11 years old from urban areas of eight countries (Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and United Republic of Tanzania). We measured height and weight and calculated BMI-for-age using WHO standards. We measured body fatness using the deuterium dilution method and defined excessive body fat percentage as > 25% in boys and > 30% in girls. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of BMI z-score > +2.00 standard deviations (SD) and used receiver operating characteristic analysis and the Youden index to determine the optimal BMI z-score cut-off for classifying excessive fatness.FindingsThe prevalence of excessive fatness was over three times higher than BMI-for-age-defined obesity: 29.1% (95% CI: 26.8 to 31.4; 441 children) versus 8.8% (95% CI: 7.5 to 10.4; 134 children). The sensitivity of BMI z-score > +2.00 SD was low (29.7%, 95% CI: 25.5 to 34.2) and specificity was high (99.7%, 95% CI: 99.2 to 99.9). The receiver operating characteristic analysis found that a BMI z-score +0.58 SD would optimize sensitivity, and at this cut-off the area under the curve was 0.86, sensitivity 71.9% (95% CI: 67.4 to 76.0) and specificity 91.1% (95% CI: 89.2 to 92.7).ConclusionWhile BMI remains a practical tool for obesity surveillance, it underestimates excessive fatness and this should be considered when planning future African responses to the childhood obesity pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Body mass index vs deuterium dilution method for establishing childhood obesity prevalence, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and United Republic of Tanzania

Diouf

Adom

A³

et al. 2018

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…Considering gender differences, studies in many regions of the world have shown that, compared to males, females are at greater risk of obesity (15,17). Evidence has confirmed that males and females have differences in anatomical fat distribution, fat utilization, and obesity co-morbidities (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence has confirmed that males and females have differences in anatomical fat distribution, fat utilization, and obesity co-morbidities (18). These may be rooted in differences in genetics, sex hormones, and even unknown molecular mechanisms (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Obesity and Overweight in the Iranian Population: Findings of STEPs 2016

et al. 2020

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Background: Obesity has become a common health problem all over the world. Benefiting from a national representative sample, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the distribution of Body Mass Index (BMI) levels in the Iranian adult population, by sex, age, and geographical distribution. Methods: This was a large-scale national cross-sectional study of Non-communicable Diseases risk factor surveillance in Iran. Through a systematic random sampling cluster, 31,050 Iranian adult participants aged 18 years and over were enrolled in the study. The main research tools were used to assess three different levels of data, namely: (1) demographic, epidemiologic, and risk-related behavioral data, (2) physical measurements, and (3) lab measurements. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard protocols and calibrated instruments.

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“…This classification is criticized because of the low sensitivity, large interindividual variability in relative body fat, and its attribution to age, sex, and ethnicity. Nevertheless, BMI is the most commonly used instrument in epidemiology and clinical practice due to its simplicity [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Sex-Specific Aspects in the Bariatric Treatment of Severely Obese Women

Jäger

Wolicki

Spohnholz

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This systematic literature review aims to point out sex-specific special features that are important in the bariatric treatment of women suffering from severe obesity. A systematic literature search was carried out according to Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. After the literature selection, the following categories were determined: sexuality and sexual function; contraception; fertility; sex hormones and polycystic ovary syndrome; menopause and osteoporosis; pregnancy and breastfeeding; pelvic floor disorders and urinary incontinence; female-specific cancer; and metabolism, outcome, and quality of life. For each category, the current status of research is illuminated and implications for bariatric treatment are determined. A summary that includes key messages is given for each subsection. An overall result of this paper is an understanding that sex-specific risks that follow or result from bariatric surgery should be considered more in aftercare. In order to increase the evidence, further research focusing on sex-specific differences in the outcome of bariatric surgery and promising treatment approaches to female-specific diseases is needed. Nevertheless, bariatric surgery shows good potential in the treatment of sex-specific aspects for severely obese women that goes far beyond mere weight loss and reduction of metabolic risks.

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Determining the worldwide prevalence of obesity

Abstract: number of chronic health conditions that developed per survivor according to a specific timescale (ie, age), taking into consideration multiple and recurrent events and accounting for competing risks. We declare no competing interests.

Cited by 149 publications

References 5 publications

Body mass index vs deuterium dilution method for establishing childhood obesity prevalence, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and United Republic of Tanzania

Body mass index vs deuterium dilution method for establishing childhood obesity prevalence, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and United Republic of Tanzania

Patterns of Obesity and Overweight in the Iranian Population: Findings of STEPs 2016

Review: Sex-Specific Aspects in the Bariatric Treatment of Severely Obese Women

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