Deterministic and Controllable Photonic Scattering Media via Direct Laser Writing

Marakis, Evangelos; Uppu, Ravitej; Meretska, Maryna L.; Gorter, Klaas-Jan; Vos, Willem L.; Pinkse, Pepijn W. H.

doi:10.1002/adom.202001438

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The width and height of each rod is equal to 0.5 m and 1.8 m respectively. The lateral distance between the rods in each layer is randomized between 0.7 m to 3 m and the layers are stacked vertically every 1.4 m. The resulting structure is transparent (over 99% transmittance for the extinction coefficient of 0.1 mm 34 ) and multiple scattering 35 . The final scattering region is a 60 m 60 m 40 m cube with a fill-factor of roughly 25% (fraction of volume occupied by the polymer).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D scattering microphantom sample to assess quantitative accuracy in tomographic phase microscopy techniques

Krauze

Kuś

Ziemczonok

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this paper we present a structurally-complex biomimetic scattering structure, fabricated with two-photon polymerization, and utilize this object in order to benchmark a computational imaging system. The phantom allows to tailor the scattering by modifying its degrees of freedom i.e. refractive index contrast and scattering layer dimensions and incorporates a 3D imaging quality test, representing a single cell within tissue. While the sample may be used with multiple 3D microscopy techniques, we demonstrate the impact of scattering on three tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) reconstruction methods. One of these methods assumes the sample to be weak-scattering, while the other two take multiple scattering into account. The study is performed at two wavelengths (visible and near-infrared), which serve as a scaling factor for the scattering phenomenon. We find that changing the wavelength from visible into near-infrared impacts the applicability of TPM reconstruction methods. As a result of reduced scattering in near-infrared region, the multiple-scattering-oriented techniques perform in fact worse than a method aimed for weak-scattering samples. This implies a necessity of selecting proper approach depending on sample’s scattering characteristics even in case of subtle changes in the object-light interaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D scattering microphantom sample to assess quantitative accuracy in tomographic phase microscopy techniques

Krauze

Kuś

Ziemczonok

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…6). The transport mean free path (TMFP) was used to provide a measure of this depth, where TMFP=1/μs′ and μs′ is the reduced scattering coefficient given by μs′=μs(1−g), where μs is the scattering coefficient of the material and g is the anisotropy factor representing the average cosine of the scattering angle 51 . The TMFP predicts how far light will travel through a material before it becomes diffuse with the direction of propagation no longer resembling the starting direction of the beam.…”

Section: Effect Of Fst On the Published Absorption And Scattering Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review

Setchfield,

Gorman,

Simpson

et al. 2024

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Skin color affects light penetration leading to differences in its absorption and scattering properties. COVID-19 highlighted the importance of understanding of the interaction of light with different skin types, e.g., pulse oximetry (PO) unreliably determined oxygen saturation levels in people from Black and ethnic minority backgrounds. Furthermore, with increased use of other medical wearables using light to provide disease information and photodynamic therapies to treat skin cancers, a thorough understanding of the effect skin color has on light is important for reducing healthcare disparities.Aim: The aim of this work is to perform a thorough review on the effect of skin color on optical properties and the implication of variation on optical medical technologies.Approach: Published in vivo optical coefficients associated with different skin colors were collated and their effects on optical penetration depth and transport mean free path (TMFP) assessed.Results: Variation among reported values is significant. We show that absorption coefficients for dark skin are ∼6% to 74% greater than for light skin in the 400 to 1000 nm spectrum. Beyond 600 nm, the TMFP for light skin is greater than for dark skin. Maximum transmission for all skin types was beyond 940 nm in this spectrum. There are significant losses of light with increasing skin depth; in this spectrum, depending upon Fitzpatrick skin type (FST), on average 14% to 18% of light is lost by a depth of 0.1 mm compared with 90% to 97% of the remaining light being lost by a depth of 1.93 mm.Conclusions: Current published data suggest that at wavelengths beyond 940 nm light transmission is greatest for all FSTs. Data beyond 1000 nm are minimal and further study is required. It is possible that the amount of light transmitted through skin for all skin colors will converge with increasing wavelength enabling optical medical technologies to become independent of skin color.

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Quantum Physical Unclonable Function Based on Multidimensional Fingerprint Features of Single Photon Emitters in Random AlN Nanocrystals

Li,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Physical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as a unique physical'fingerprint' that is inherently difficult to replicate. It shows tremendous application value in various hardware security areas such as identity authentication, chip anticounterfeiting, communication encryption, blockchain, etc. However, with the rapid development of 3D nanoprinting, classical PUFs constructed with disordered micro‐nanostructures face tremendous threats from physical cloning attacks. Herein, this study proposes and demonstrates the utilization of room‐temperature single‐photon emitters derived from atomic defects in randomly distributed pyramidal aluminum nitride (AlN) nanocrystals as a novel quantum PUF to resist physical cloning attacks. The fabrication of this quantum PUF on silicon (Si) wafers enables seamless integration with silicon photonic integrated circuits. The multidimensional fingerprint features of the single‐photon emitters are highly sensitive to the lattice parameters of the uneven AlN nanocrystals. Furthermore, each single photon emitter can work as a quantum random number generator to ensure the fundamental unpredictability of PUFs. The subatomic precision requirement coupled with unpredictable quantum emission behavior makes it practically impossible to attack the proposed quantum PUF, providing a promising solution for information security in the post‐quantum era.

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Deterministic and Controllable Photonic Scattering Media via Direct Laser Writing

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

3D scattering microphantom sample to assess quantitative accuracy in tomographic phase microscopy techniques

3D scattering microphantom sample to assess quantitative accuracy in tomographic phase microscopy techniques

Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review

Quantum Physical Unclonable Function Based on Multidimensional Fingerprint Features of Single Photon Emitters in Random AlN Nanocrystals

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