Deterministic distribution of orbital angular momentum multiplexed continuous-variable entanglement and quantum steering

Abstract

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing provides an efficient method to improve data-carrying capacity in various quantum communication protocols. It is a precondition to distribute OAM multiplexed quantum resources in quantum channels for implementing quantum communication. However, quantum steering of OAM multiplexed optical fields and the effect of channel noise on OAM multiplexed quantum resources remain unclear. Here, we generate OAM multiplexed continuous-variable (CV) entangled states and distribute them in lossy or noisy channels. We show that the decoherence property of entanglement and quantum steering of the OAM multiplexed states carrying topological charges l = 1 and l = 2 are the same as that of the Gaussian mode with l = 0 in lossy and noisy channels. The sudden death of entanglement and quantum steering of high-order OAM multiplexed states is observed in the presence of excess noise. Our results demonstrate the feasibility to realize high data-carrying capacity quantum information processing by utilizing OAM multiplexed CV entangled states.

Quantum coherence of an orbital angular momentum multiplexed continuous-variable entangled state

“…Covariance matrix of the OAM multiplexed CV entangled state is experimentally measured by utilizing two sets of balanced homodyne detectors. In our experiment, the spatially mode-matched local oscillator beams used in the balanced homodyne detectors are obtained from a second set of FWM process in the same vapor cell [43].…”

“…It is essential to distribute OAM multiplexed quantum resources in quantum channels to realize these quantum information processing protocols. Recently, our group has experimentally demonstrated that quantum entanglement and quantum steering of the OAM multiplexed states carrying topological charges 𝑙 = 1 and 𝑙 = 2 are the same as that of the Gaussian mode with 𝑙 = 0 in lossy and noisy channels [43]. However, it remains unclear whether the quantum coherence of OAM multiplexed CV entangled state is also as robust as that of the Gaussian mode with 𝑙 = 0.…”

Experimental verification of the Gaussian quantum correlation measure in continuous variable systems

“…The four-wave mixing (FWM) process in hot alkali atomic ensemble has found a wide range of applications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . In particular, the advantages of its cavity-free spatial multimode properties attract people to conduct extensive and in-depth research on the generation of entangled images [9] and reconfigurable spatial multimode entanglement [15] .…”

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering of quantum phases in a cavity Bose-Einstein condensate with a single impurity

“…Bipartite asymmetry EPR steering was also investigated in the cascaded third and fourth-harmonic generation process [25,26] , respectively. Experimentally, EPR steering has been tested in various physical systems [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. For instance, Tischler et al [46] gave a conclusive experimental demonstration of one-way steering.…”

“…Huang et al [50] demonstrated that one can generate and control the asymmetry of steady-state EPR steering by engineering asymmetric couplings to the optical field. Li et al [51] demonstrated quantum steering of orbital angular momentum multiplexed optical fields. Hao et al [52] demonstrated shareability of multipartite EPR Steering.…”