Deterministic real-time access point concepts for industrial hybrid Ethernet/IEEE 802.11 networks

Fernandez, Zaloa; Cruces, Cristina; Val, Iñaki; Mendicute, Mikel

doi:10.1109/ecmsm.2017.7945909

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the weak side, its medium access mechanism, CSMA/CA, does not guarantee deterministic behavior. This fact is a major drawback for realtime services in networks where a massive number of nodes are potentially operating in a crowded spectrum environment [5]. In addition, the standard lacks efficiency for traffic profiles associated to industrial wireless communications (short packets) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet refer to the expected revolution in production, utility management and, in general, fully automated, interconnected and digitally managed industrial ecosystems. One of the key enablers for Industry 4.0 lies on reliable and timely exchange of information and large scale deployment of wireless communications in industry facilities. Wireless will bring solutions to overcome the main drawbacks of the current wired systems: lack of mobility, deployment costs, cable damage dependency and scalability. However, the strict requirements in reliability and latency of use cases such as Factory Automation (FA) and Process Automation (PA) are still a major challenge and a barrier for massive deployment of currently available wireless standards. This paper proposes a PHY/MAC wireless communication solution for FA and PA based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in combination with the 802.11n standard. The communication system proposed aims at delivering two different sets of services. The first service class is composed of Critical Services (CS) with strict restrictions in reliability and latency. The same communication system should convey also a second group of services, referred as Best Effort (BE) with more relaxed boundary conditions. The proposal theoretical background, a detailed transmission-reception architecture, the physical layer performance and the MAC level system reliability are presented in this paper. The solution provides significantly better reliability and higher flexibility than TDMA systems, jointly with a predictable control-cycle latency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

et al. 2020

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“…This process can proceed quite differently in the presence of sporadic or continuous interference [ 4 , 35 , 36 ]. Such interference can be due to other IEEE 802.11 networks in the vicinity, or to Wi-Fi or non-Wi-Fi devices in the vicinity [ 22 ], such as cordless phones, Bluetooth handsets, audio and video transmitters, and microwave ovens.…”

Section: Effects Of Interference On the Phy And Mac Layers Of An Ieee 80211 Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughput of an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Network in the Presence of Wireless Audio Transmission: A Laboratory Analysis

Forenbacher

Husnjak

Jovović

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Wireless networks, including IEEE 802.11-based or Wi-Fi networks, are inexpensive and easy to install and therefore serve as useful connectivity alternatives in areas lacking wired-network infrastructure. However, IEEE 802.11 networks may not always provide the seamless connectivity and minimal throughput required for Industry 4.0 communications because of their susceptibility to interference from other devices operating in the unlicensed “Industrial, Scientific, and Medical” frequency band. Here we analyzed how a wireless audio transmitter operating on this band influences the throughput of an IEEE 802.11 b/g/n network under laboratory conditions. Wireless audio transmission reduced mean throughput by 85%, rendering the IEEE 802.11 b/g/n network nearly unusable. Our analysis suggests that in order for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks to support Industrial 4.0 applications, attention should be paid to the physical layer as well as the data or upper layers, and critical services should not transmit on the 2.4 GHz band. These findings may contribute to understanding and managing IEEE 802.11 wireless networks in various Industry 4.0 contexts.

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“…The network calculus then determines the packet maximum end-to-end delay or jitters from exchange matrices which model the traffic between the industrial devices. A widely accepted model of real-time industrial communications [40] [41] establishes that network infrastructure changes considerably and affect the real-time performance and traffic conditions [42][43]. Thus, the impact of varying parameters such as communication mechanism, network architecture, network traffic, data size, number of connections and processor load on the peer-to-peer interlocking performance must be analyzed as a real-time operating condition [44].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic characterization in a communications channel for monitoring and control in real-time systems

Serna-Guarín

Morantes-Guzmán

Delgado-Trejos

et al. 2020

IJEEI

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The response time for remote monitoring and control in real-time systems is a sensitive issue in device interconnection elements. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the traffic of the communication system in pre-established time windows. In this paper, a methodology based on computational intelligence is proposed for identifying the availability of a data channel and the variables or characteristics that affect the performance and data transfer, which is made up of four stages: a) integration of a communication system with an acquisition module and a final control structure; b) communication channel characterization by means of traffic variables; and c) relevance analysis from the characterization space using SFFS (sequential forward oating selection); d) Channel congestion classification as Low or High using a classifier based on Naive Bayes algorithm. The experimental setup emulates a real process using an on/off remote control of a DC motor on an Ethernet network. The communication time between the client and server was integrated with the operation and control times, to study the whole response time. This proposed approach allows support decisions about channel availability, to establish predictions about the length of the time window when the availability conditions are unknown.

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Deterministic real-time access point concepts for industrial hybrid Ethernet/IEEE 802.11 networks

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

NOMA-Based 802.11n for Industrial Automation

Throughput of an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Network in the Presence of Wireless Audio Transmission: A Laboratory Analysis

Traffic characterization in a communications channel for monitoring and control in real-time systems

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