Deterministic secure quantum communication with and without entanglement

Abstract

We present a protocol for sending a message over a quantum channel with different layers of security that will prevent an eavesdropper from deciphering the message without being detected. The protocol has two versions where the bits are encoded in either pairs of entangled photons or separate photons. Unlike many other protocols, it requires a one-way, rather than a two-way, quantum channel and does not require a quantum memor. A quantum key is used to encrypt the message and both the key and the message are sent over the quantum channle with the same quantum encoding technique. The key is sent only if no eavesdropper is detected.

6G Wireless Systems: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions

“…Therefore, we must effectively handle the mobility issues using visible light communication. Quantum communication has the inherent feature of high security, which makes it preferred for 6G [65], [66]. The simultaneous achievement of long-distance and high rates is contradictory in quantum communication [67].…”

Satellite quantum repeaters for a quantum Internet

“…Loopholes at users' sites are ignored usually, but it may turn out to be a serious problem when the sites become complicated and modern eavesdropping technology becomes more sophisticated. quantum no‐key protocol, 62,63 where it consists in a three‐stage quantum cryptographic scheme based on a public key cryptography in which each party uses its own secret key. Unlike the Bennett‐Brassard (BB84) protocol, 58 where the qubits are transmitted in only one direction and classical information exchanged thereafter, the communication in the proposed protocol remains quantum in each stage. deterministic secure quantum communication 64,65 is a quantum protocol for sending a deterministic message by encrypting each classical bit by two photons and using a quantum key. The protocol has two varieties where the two photons can be either entangled or nonentangled and requires a one‐way quantum channel and a classical channel 64,65 .…”

“…Unlike the Bennett‐Brassard (BB84) protocol, 58 where the qubits are transmitted in only one direction and classical information exchanged thereafter, the communication in the proposed protocol remains quantum in each stage. deterministic secure quantum communication 64,65 is a quantum protocol for sending a deterministic message by encrypting each classical bit by two photons and using a quantum key. The protocol has two varieties where the two photons can be either entangled or nonentangled and requires a one‐way quantum channel and a classical channel 64,65 . The protocol requires also preprocessing the information before being encoded in the quantum state of photons in order to prevent an eavesdropper from deciphering parts of the message.…”

Quantum Key Secure Communication Protocol via Enhanced Superdense Coding

“…Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) 7,8 protocol. This quantum protocol uses a key to encrypt each classical bit of a deterministic message thanks to two photons.…”

“…This quantum protocol uses a key to encrypt each classical bit of a deterministic message thanks to two photons. In the same way, as in the case of quantum cryptography techniques based on QKD, DSQC protocol can work with entangled or polarized photons, using a unidirectional quantum channel, and a classical channel 7,8 . Besides, as a sine qua non condition, in DSQC the information must be preprocessed by photons before encoding it in order to avoid unnecessary exposure of parts of the message in the channel in the presence of an eventual eavesdropper.…”