Detonation properties of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE)

1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX-7) – Properties and Formulations (a Review)

“…The shock sensitivity of pressed FOX-7 determined in [9] and [11] was lower than that of TNT. Fine-grain FOX-7 in [22] was also less sensitive than TNT, but coarse-grain FOX-7 was much more sensitive. From the data given in [12] it follows that the critical pressure for the initiation of FOX-7 (1.05 GPa) is lower than that for TNT (1.40 GPa).…”

“…The friction sensitivity tests using a Julius-Peters machine demonstrated that, even with a load of 353 N, samples of FOX-7 were insensitive, regardless of their particle size [9,11,22].…”

“…In [10], the limiting impact energy of 15.5 J and 12.4 J was determined for FOX-7 crystals with sizes of 250-355 µm and less than 70 µm, respectively. The limiting energy 11.3 J was found for coarse FOX-7 recrystallized in a water/NMP mixture (crystals with size 250-300 µm dominated) [22]. The impact sensitivity can also be expressed as the drop height at which 50% initiations occurred.…”

“…Values of 24 J and 31.2 J were found for unrecrystallized FOX-7 and recrystallized FOX-7 (330-450 µm), respectively. The impact energy E 50 = 17.3 J was obtained for coarse-grain FOX-7 in [22].…”

“…The unique characteristics of FOX-7 result from its molecular structure [7], which is beneficial for the creation of strong inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds for stabilizing the molecule. Since 1998, when FOX-7 was first synthesized by Latypov et al [8], it has been the subject of many experimental investigations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. FOX-7 has a favorable oxygen balance and the decomposition of the molecule can produce entirely gaseous products (CO, H 2 O, N 2 ).…”