Detrimental Effects of Higher Body Mass Index and Smoking Habits on Menstrual Cycles in Korean Women

Jung, An Na; Park, Ju Hwan; Kim, Jihyun; Kim, Seok Hyun; Jee, Byung Chul; Heun, Byung; Sull, Jae Woong; Jun, Jin Hyun

doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5634

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This finding is in line with the findings of Sadler and colleagues in a cross-sectional study on 974 women in the UK [43] and with the recent finding of Isgin-Atici and colleagues who found no significant differences in anthropometric measurements between PMS cases and their counterpart controls in Turkey [31]. However, this contradicts reports in Pakistani, Korean, Iran, and US adult females, in which high BMI, body fat and visceral fat were risk factors for reporting the prevalence and severity of PMS [55,56,57,58] and menstrual irregularity [59]. Nonetheless, this can be explained by the fact that the average BMI for our participants was within the normal range, with the least number of participants having a high BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have reported an association of smoking with increased premenstrual symptoms [13,70,71] and menstrual irregularity [59], other menstrual problems and miscarriage [72] with smoking for 5 or more years was associated with an increased prevalence of such symptoms. Moreover, one study showed that smoking status and depressive symptoms/anxiety were related to a higher menstrual symptom questionnaire score [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE

et al. 2019

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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclical late luteal phase disorder of the menstrual cycle whereby the daily functioning of women is affected by emotional and physical symptoms substantially interfering with their quality of life. Little is known about PMS in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of PMS among university students in Sharjah, UAE, and clarify its associations with dietary habits, lifestyle behaviors, and anthropometric factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on female college students at the University of Sharjah, UAE. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric assessments. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Participants were 300 adult university students aged 18–24 years (mean age 20.07 ± 1.53 years). In total, 95% of participants reported at least one PMS symptom during their menstrual period. The prevalence of PMS was 35.3%, with mild symptoms being the most commonly reported. Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking was associated with increased risk of reporting psychological (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.8; p < 0.05) and behavioral symptoms (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9; p < 0.05), while high calorie/fat/sugar/salt foods intake was associated with increased risk of reporting physical symptoms (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.3; p < 0.05). However, fruit consumption (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.125–0.92; p < 0.05) was associated with a decreased risk of reporting behavioral symptoms. A high prevalence of PMS was reported among university students, with smoking and high calorie/fat/sugar/salt food consumption identified as strong risk factors for PMS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE

et al. 2019

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“…Several studies have reported associations between obesity and menstrual status [11,12]. To our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the association of menstrual status with different obesity phenotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between menstrual status and obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study in northern China

Chen

et al. 2020

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background: One of most important concerns of postmenopausal women is obesity. The relationships between menstruation status and obesity phenotypes are unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations between menstrual status and different obesity phenotypes in women. Methods: In total, 5373 women aged ≥40 years were recruited from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. Basic information was collected via clinical examination, laboratory testing and standardized questionnaires. The women were stratified into the following three groups: menstrual period, menopausal transition period and postmenopausal period. General obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥28 kg/m 2. Central obesity was defined as a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.85. Visceral obesity was defined as the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased pericardial fat volume (PFV). Results: The numbers of women in the menstrual, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal periods were 2807 (52.2%), 675 (12.6%) and 1891 (35.2%), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for central obesity among women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods compared with women in the menstrual period were 0.99 (0.82-1.19) and 1.52 (1.26-1.84), respectively. The OR for NAFLD among postmenopausal women was 1.78 (1.44-2.20). The adjusted β-coefficient (standard error, SE) for PFV among postmenopausal women was 41.25 (7.49). The adjusted OR for general obesity among postmenopausal women was 1.01 (0.77-1.34). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that menopause is an independent risk factor for central and visceral obesity but not general obesity.

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“…Cigarette smoke contains several reproductive toxicants, and the adverse effect of smoking on women's reproductive health is now well established. Besides causing adverse birth outcomes, smoking has various negative effects on nonpregnant women's reproductive health, including infertility, sub‐fecundity, younger menopausal age and menstrual disorders 1,2 . Active smoking reduces the follicular phase length by decreasing progesterone levels 3 and increases the risk of primary dysmenorrhea 4,5 and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms: A cross‐sectional study

Sakai

Ohashi

2020

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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AimThis study examined the effects of current and past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms in nonsmoking Japanese women of child‐bearing age.MethodsOf 5000 women who agreed to participate, 3935 were analyzed (932 smokers, 2326 nonsmokers, and 677 past smokers). Nonsmokers were divided into three groups based on smoking status and environmental tobacco smoke exposure: nonsmokers without exposure (n = 352), nonsmokers with past exposure (n = 1196) and nonsmokers with current exposure (n = 778). Participants completed a questionnaire on background characteristics, environmental tobacco smoke exposure (location and relationship to smokers), abnormal menstrual cycle, days of menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle‐related symptoms experienced in the past 3 months (assessed by the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire).ResultsMean age was 29.7 ± 7.0 (20–44) years. Compared with nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure, current smokers had the highest risk of an abnormal menstrual cycle (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.74 [1.194–2.545]), followed by nonsmokers with past exposure (adjusted OR, 1.70 [1.171–2.464]), past smokers (adjusted OR, 1.60 [1.081–2.366]) and nonsmokers with current environmental tobacco smoke exposure (adjusted OR, 1.49 [0.901–1.212]). Irrespective of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, current smokers reported significantly more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than nonsmokers, and nonsmokers with past environmental tobacco smoke exposure had significantly more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure.ConclusionPast environmental tobacco smoke exposure, especially during childhood or adolescence, might harm women's reproductive health when they reach reproductive age.

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Detrimental Effects of Higher Body Mass Index and Smoking Habits on Menstrual Cycles in Korean Women

Abstract: This study substantiated that menstrual irregularity was closely associated with higher BMI and smoking habits in nondiabetic Korean women. Weight loss and smoking cessation should be recommended to promote women's reproductive health.

Cited by 23 publications

References 66 publications

Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE

Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE

Relationships between menstrual status and obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study in northern China

Effects of past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms: A cross‐sectional study

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