Detrimental effects of secondhand smoke exposure on infants with cystic fibrosis

Kopp, Benjamin T.; Sarzynski, Lisa; Khalfoun, Sabrina; Hayes, Don; Thompson, Rohan; Nicholson, Lisa; Long, Frederick R.; Castile, Robert G.; Groner, Judith A.

doi:10.1002/ppul.23016

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…One of the few studies to look at the effects of ETS exposure in infants with CF found diminished growth as measured by length and weight/length at 4 and 12 months of age in smoke-exposed CF infants as compared to unexposed CF infants. Exposed CF infants also had increased air trapping (measured on CT scan), bronchodilator responsiveness (4.2-fold increase), and a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and anaerobes on respiratory cultures [81]. In utero tobacco smoke exposure was also found to precipitate earlier structural lung disease in young CF children with increased CT scan diagnosed bronchiectasis (1.45 CF-CT score points (95% CI 0.35–2.56)) and air-trapping (1.39 CF-CT score points (95% CI 0.13–2.63)) as well as a shorter time to first infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Vanker

Gie

Zar

2017

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

151

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Introduction: Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a recognised risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory illness.Areas covered: The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of ETS exposure and impact on respiratory health in children. We conducted a search of 3 electronic databases of publications on ETS and childhood respiratory illness from 1990–2015. Key findings were that up to 70% of children are exposed to ETS globally, but under-reporting may mask the true prevalence. Maternal smoking and ETS exposure influence infant lung development and are associated with childhood upper and lower respiratory tract infection, wheezing or asthma. Further, exposure to ETS is associated with more severe respiratory disease. ETS exposure reduces lung function early in life, establishing an increased lifelong risk of poor lung health.Expert commentary: Urgent and effective strategies are needed to decrease ETS exposure in young children to improve child and long-term lung health in adults especially in low and middle income countries where ETS exposure is increasing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Vanker

Gie

Zar

2017

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

151

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“…Smokers with acute and chronic sinusitis have a higher incidence of S. aureus and MRSA as the pathogen than nonsmokers (13). Children with cystic fibrosis exposed to secondhand smoke more frequently have MRSA grow from respiratory cultures (14). Smokers who are nasal swab positive for MRSA are at high risk for postoperative MRSA infections (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Staphylococcal Virulence Phenotypes

et al. 2015

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f Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death, disease, and disability worldwide. It is well established that cigarette smoke provokes inflammatory activation and impairs antimicrobial functions of human immune cells. Here we explore whether cigarette smoke likewise affects the virulence properties of an important human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, and in particular methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial infections. MRSA colonizes the nasopharynx and is thus exposed to inhalants, including cigarette smoke. MRSA exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE-MRSA) was more resistant to macrophage killing (4-fold higher survival; P < 0.0001). CSE-MRSA demonstrated reduced susceptibility to cell lysis (1.78-fold; P ‫؍‬ 0.032) and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (LL-37) killing (MIC, 8 M versus 4 M). CSE modified the surface charge of MRSA in a dose-dependent fashion, impairing the binding of particles with charge similar to that of AMPs by 90% (P < 0.0001). These changes persisted for 24 h postexposure, suggesting heritable modifications. CSE exposure increased hydrophobicity by 55% (P < 0.0001), which complemented findings of increased MRSA adherence and invasion of epithelial cells. CSE induced upregulation of mprF, consistent with increased MRSA AMP resistance. S. aureus without mprF had no change in surface charge upon exposure to CSE. In vivo, CSE-MRSA pneumonia induced higher mouse mortality (40% versus 10%) and increased bacterial burden at 8 and 20 h postinfection compared to control MRSA-infected mice (P < 0.01). We conclude that cigarette smoke-induced immune resistance phenotypes in MRSA may be an additional factor contributing to susceptibility to infectious disease in cigarette smokers.

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“…Studies with parental-reported SHSe have a wider range of exposure rates than the quantified studies: between 10% and 76% of children and infants with CF had parental-reported SHSe (Table 2) [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. However, the parental-reported studies included subjects from a wider range of countries including the United States, and included a larger registry and cohort studies with more subjects available than in the quantified SHSe studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parental reported SHSe ranged from 26.3% to 44% in these countries [22,30,33]. Early SHSe is critically important as it impairs early lung development in non-CF populations [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Review

Kopp

Ortega-García

Sadreameli³

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) has multiple adverse effects on lung function and growth, nutrition, and immune function in children; it is increasingly being recognized as an important modifier of disease severity for children with chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). This review examines what is known regarding the prevalence of SHSe in CF, with the majority of reviewed studies utilizing parental-reporting of SHSe without an objective biomarker of exposure. A wide range of SHSe is reported in children with CF, but under-reporting is common in studies involving both reported and measured SHSe. Additionally, the impact of SHSe on respiratory and nutritional health is discussed, with potential decreases in long-term lung function, linear growth, and weight gain noted in CF children with SHSe. Immunologic function in children with CF and SHSe remains unknown. The impact of SHSe on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function is also examined, as reduced CFTR function may be a pathophysiologic consequence of SHSe in CF and could modulate therapeutic interventions. Finally, potential interventions for ongoing SHSe are delineated along with recommended future areas of study.

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Detrimental effects of secondhand smoke exposure on infants with cystic fibrosis

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review

Analysis of the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Staphylococcal Virulence Phenotypes

The Impact of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Review

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